چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

هوش مصنوعی در بستر تحول دیجیتال: بازتاملی آسیب‌شناختی در درک مفاهیم و کاربردها

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی (با رویکردهای کیفی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده حکمرانی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز

چکیده

هدف: هدف اصلی مقاله، یافتن پاسخ دقیق و ارائه مبنایی متقن جهت درک هرچه عمیق‌تر مفاهیم و کاربردهای هوش‌مصنوعی در بستر تحول‌دیجیتال است که از طریق پاسخ به پرسش‌هایی در خصوص مفهوم هوشمندسازی و تفاوت آن با پیاده‌سازی هوش‌مصنوعی، نسبت اتوماسیون با این مقولات، مراحل کلی و تقدم و تاخرهای پیاده‌سازی مدل‌های هوشمند و در نهایت چیستی تحول‌دیجیتال از منظر نسبت با هوش و هوشمندسازی، حاصل خواهد گشت.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: تحقیق این پژوهش، بر اساس روش «تحلیل کیفی محتوا» انجام شده که به عنوان چارچوبی برای تحلیل داده‌ها مورد بهره‌برداری قرار می‌گیرد. این روش در مقاله حاضر، با برخورداری از سازوکار نظام‌مند ولی انعطاف‌پذیر خود، با تاکید بر پی‌رنگ پدیدارشناسی‌های اجتماعی شکل گرفته، بر استخراج مضامین، الگوها و مفاهیم پنهان در داده‌های متنی متمرکز می‌باشد. این روش به طور کلی، بر آن است تا با نگاهی تفسیری به مقولات اجتماعی، به فهم زمینه و بافتار، نیات پنهان و ساختارهای معنایی درون اسناد بپردازد. داده‌های متنی این تحقیق، بر اساس بررسی مجموعه‌ای شامل بیش از 50 کتاب، مقاله، گزارش و متون علمی و تخصصی در رابطه با مقولۀ تحول‌دیجیتال، هوشمندسازی و هوش‌مصنوعی و درک مفاهیم و نوع کارکرد آنها و با بهره‌گیری تکمیلی از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA بدست آمده است.
یافته‌­های پژوهش: مقاله در بخش یافته‌های خود، نگاهی از دو زاویه را به پدیده تحول‌دیجیتال، حل ابهامات و بازتبیین مفاهیم، جایگاه‌ها، کارکردها و برخی ویژگی‌های اساسی آن، ارائه نموده است: ابتدا سیر تطور فنی و سپس سیر تطور صنعت. تطور نوع اول، با آغاز تدقیق در سیر تحول‌دیجیتال، از پیش زمینۀ آن در انقلاب صنعتی اول، یعنی «مکانیزاسیون»، به بازشناسی «اتوماسیون»، «هوش‌مصنوعی» و «هوشمندسازی» اختصاص یافته و خلاصه‌ای از مسیر رشد تاریخی و ویژگی ‌های هریک و نیز نقاط ظریف مربوط به برخی تفاوت‌های میان آنها را پیش روی نهاده و در واقع، بیشتر ناظر بر فهم ویژگی‌های فنی مراحل تحول‌دیجیتال به پیش می‌رود. اما تطور دوم، متمرکز بر تحلیل تغییرات فرایندها، نه از جنس رخدادهای فنی، بلکه از جنس تحولات مکانیزم‌ها و قابلیت‌های حاصل شده در کسب‌کارها و صنایع است که به تبیین موجز مراحلِ رقومی‌سازی تا تحول‌دیجیتال‌ می‌پردازد. این دو زوایه نگاه، به نحوی روشن، به صورت مکمل یکدیگر در ارائه تصویری صحیح نسبت به مقولات تعریف شده، عمل می‌نماید.
محدودیت­‌ها و پیامدها: یکی از محدودیت‌های حاکم بر پیشبرد این پژوهش، محدودیت زمانی با توجه به حجم ادبیات و دغدغه‌های مرتبط با مسئله هدف مقاله بود که طبعا مانع از انجام یک پژوهش همه‌جانبه و ارائه یک چارچوب ایده‌ال مفهومی می‌گشت. لذا اولویت‌بندی مفاهیم، از منظر پرداخت به مباحث بنیادین این حوزه، در دستور کار قرار گرفت و همان‌گونه که در بخش انتهایی مقاله نیز قابل مشاهده است، کاوش وسیع‌تر و امتداد پژوهش به لایه‌های پیچیده‌تر قلمرو بحث، به طور جدی برای تعریف گام‌های آتی، پیشنهاد گردیده است. محدودیت جدی بعدی، با توجه به ماهیت تحلیل کیفی پژوهش که مبتنی بر تحلیل داده‌های محتوایی انجام می‌گشت، دسترسی به متن کامل برخی مستندات و مقالات بود که در عمل، منجر به عدم بهره‌گیری مطلوب از جزئیات و لایه‌های تفصیلی برخی نظریات می‌گشت. با این حال تلاش پژوهش حاضر بر این بوده که از ظرفیت منابع موجود، استفاده حداکثری گشته و به موازات آن، ارتباط‌گیری با برخی از همکاران پژوهشگر در دانشگاه‌های مطرح جهان، جهت امکان دسترسی به برخی از منابع، در دستور کار قرار گیرد.
پیامدهای عملی: باور تیم پژوهشی مقاله بر این است که خروجی این تحقیق، می‌تواند منجر به ساختاربندی مجدد و نظم‌بخشی به لایه‌های ادراکی در خصوص برخی مفاهیم بنیادین مرتبط هوش‌مصنوعی و تحول‌دیجیتال، برای مخاطبان کشور، در هر سه سطح حکمرانی، دانشگاهی و صنعتی گردد. بدیهی است که این مهم، زمینه همگرایی بیشتر فکری و پی‌ریزی موثرتر برنامه‌های توسعه‌ای و ترویجی در قلمرو هدف را فراهم خواهد نمود.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: تمرکز بر فهم عمیق‌تر، از رهاورد توجه به ساده‌سازی و نظم‌بخشی به تصویر سازوکار بسیار پیچیدۀ برخی مفاهیم بنیادین حوزه هوش‌مصنوعی و تحول‌دیجیتال را می‌توان به عنوان ابتکار این مقاله برشمرد.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Diagnostic Reappraisal of Concepts and Applications

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mahdi Ghaemi Nia 1
  • Sepehr Asadian Feili 2
  • Shirin Amirifard 2

1 The Faculty of Governance, of Tehran University

2 Islamic Azad University - The Central Tehran Branch

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The primary objective of this article is to provide precise answers and establish a robust foundation for a deeper understanding of the concepts and applications of artificial intelligence within the context of digital transformation. This is achieved by addressing questions regarding the concept of intelligentization and its distinction from the implementation of artificial intelligence, the relationship of automation with these concepts, the general stages and priorities in implementing intelligent models, and ultimately, the nature of digital transformation from the perspective of its relationship with intelligence and intelligentization.
Design/ methodology/ approach: The research in this study was conducted using the "qualitative content analysis" method, which serves as a framework for data analysis. This method, in the present article, with its systematic yet flexible mechanism, is shaped by an emphasis on social phenomenological narratives and focuses on extracting themes, patterns, and latent concepts from textual data. Generally, this method aims to interpret social phenomena to understand the context, hidden intentions, and semantic structures within documents. The textual data for this research were obtained by reviewing a collection of over 50 books, articles, reports, and specialized scientific texts related to digital transformation, intelligentization, and artificial intelligence, as well as their conceptual understanding and functionality, with additional use of the MAXQDA software.
Research Findings: The article, in its findings section, presents a dual perspective on the phenomenon of digital transformation, addressing ambiguities, redefining concepts, roles, functions, and some fundamental characteristics. First, it examines the technical evolution, starting with a detailed exploration of the digital transformation trajectory, from its precursor in the first industrial revolution, namely "mechanization," to the recognition of "automation," "artificial intelligence," and "intelligentization." It provides a summary of the historical growth trajectory, the characteristics of each, and the subtle differences between them, primarily focusing on understanding the technical features of the stages of digital transformation. The second perspective focuses on analyzing changes in processes, not from the perspective of technical events, but from the transformations in mechanisms and capabilities achieved in businesses and industries, succinctly explaining the stages from digitization to digital transformation. These two perspectives complement each other clearly, providing an accurate portrayal of the defined concepts.
Limitations & Consequences: One of the limitations affecting the progress of this research was the time constraint, given the volume of literature and concerns related to the article's objective, which naturally hindered conducting a comprehensive study and presenting an ideal conceptual framework. Therefore, prioritizing concepts from the perspective of addressing fundamental issues in this field was adopted, and as evident in the article's concluding section, broader exploration and extending the research to more complex layers of the discussion domain have been strongly recommended for defining future steps. Another significant limitation, given the qualitative nature of the research based on content data analysis, was the access to the full text of some documents and articles, which in practice led to suboptimal utilization of the details and in-depth layers of certain theories. Nevertheless, the current research endeavored to maximize the use of available resources, and concurrently, efforts were made to establish connections with research colleagues at leading global universities to access some of these resources.
Practical Consequences: The research team believes that the output of this study can lead to restructuring and organizing the perceptual layers regarding some fundamental concepts related to artificial intelligence and digital transformation for audiences in the country at all three levels of governance, academia, and industry. It is evident that this will foster greater intellectual convergence and lay a more effective foundation for developmental and promotional programs in the targeted domain.
Innovation or value of the Article: The focus on a deeper understanding, achieved through simplifying and organizing the highly complex mechanisms of some fundamental concepts in the field of artificial intelligence and digital transformation, can be considered the originality of this article.
Paper Type: Original Paper
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • AI
  • Smartening
  • Automation
  • Digitization
  • Digitalisation
  • Digital Transformation
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چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 62
تیر 1404
صفحه 80-103