دولت باز: منشأ، توسعه و نهادهای قانونی مرتبط با آن در جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز

چکیده

هدف: در دنیای پیشرفته امروزی سازمان‌ها برای حفظ موجودیت خود به طور مداوم باید نظاره‌گر عملکرد خود باشند تا هم عملکرد خود را بهبود بخشند و هم اعتماد مردم به خود را افزایش دهند. یکی از کارهایی که یک سازمان یا دولت در جهت بهبود عملکرد خود می‌تواند انجام دهد، شفافیت است. نظریه دولت باز که از شفافیت ناشی می‌شود، به جهت افزایش ارتباطات درون مرزی و برون مرزی به عنوان مسئله روز مطرح است. این مقاله ضمن ارائه تعریف یکپارچه دولت باز، با هدف تبیین حوزه صلاحیتی نهادهای قانونی مرتبط با چارچوب (مولفه‌های) دولت باز نگارش شده است. به‌علاوه، نهایتاً در این مقاله به تحلیل ادبیات تجربی و مفهومی دولت باز برای استنباط چارچوب دولت باز و خط‌مشی‌گذاری‌های داده باز در حصول به دولت باز در راستای بهبود مدیریت دولتی نیز پرداخته شده است.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: با مد نظر قرار دادن ماهیت نظری تحقیق، رویکرد پژوهش در مقاله حاضر رویکردی توصیفی، تحلیلی است و منابع مورد استفاده در این پژوهش قسمتی از کتب و مقالات می‌باشد که گردآوری و تالیف مطالب به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای می‌باشد و اینکه سعی شده است در آخر هر قسمت مطالب به‌صورت جدول نیز ترسیم شود تا فهم موضوعات سهل‌تر شود.
یافته‌­های پژوهش: مسئله دولت باز در ادبیات با توجه به رشته تحقیق، موضوع، کشور مورد علاقه و محتوا بسیار ناهمگون است. لذا مفهوم یکپارچه دولت باز به وضوح در ادبیات توضیح داده نشده است. در واقع، ادبیات درک واضحی از آنچه که اصطلاح دولت باز به‌طور کلی در بر می‌گیرد ندارد و حتی فاقد تعاریف اساسی و یکپارچه است. در جدول شماره 3 سنگ بنای چارچوب دولت باز مورد شناسایی قرار گرفته که منجر به ارائه تعریف همگون شده است. نهایتاً در تعریف دولت باز و دیدگاه‌های مختلف درباره آن می‌توان به اختصار اشاره کرد که قلب داخلی دولت باز از سه رکن تشکیل شده است: شفافیت، مشارکت و همکاری که این ستون‌ها ارزش عمومی را افزایش می‌دهد. به‌علاوه، این سه ستون بر رابطه دولت به شهروندان/ رابطه دولت به تجارت تأثیر می‌گذارند. آنها با همدیگر عوامل داخلی دولت باز را می‌سازند. این عوامل داخلی تحت تأثیر عوامل خارجی مانند فناوری، مسئولیت پذیری و مقررات و قانون است که در نهایت پذیرش و اعتماد به دولت و همچنین پاسخگویی نیز با دایره داخلی تعامل دارد.
محدودیت­‌ها و پیامدها: ‌محدویت زمانی و کمبود منابع و مسائل مربوط به جمع‌آوری اطلاعات و داده‌های مورد نیاز از جمله مهمترین محدودیت‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌باشد و همچنین بررسی این پژوهش بر اثرات کوتاه مدت اجرایی متمرکز بوده و برای تحلیل اثرات بلند مدت نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری می‌باشد.
پیامدهای عملی: در ترکیب سازمانی، دولت باز، دسترسی آسان به اطلاعات معنا می‌شود. در این میان در یک دولت باز، شفافیت سازمانی فرایند ضمانت و تعهد پاسخگویی از راه آشکارسازی به هنگام اطلاعات و داده‌ها تعریف می‌شود. لذا ضروری است نهادهای ترسیم شده در این نوشتار و خط‌مشی‌های پیشنهادی داده باز با بهره‌گیری از مولفه‌های ذکر شده مورد تدقیق بیشتر قرار گرفته تا زمینه ظهور هر چه سریعتر دولت باز را مهیا کنند.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: موضوع شفافیتِ اطلاعات زمانی پراهمیّت می‌شود که بر اساس آن شهروندان حق دسترسی به اسناد و مدارک و اقدامات دولت را دارند تا امکان نظارت مؤثر مردم بر دولت فراهم شود. خط‌مشی‌های داده‌های عمومی باز نه تنها به سازمان‌های دولتی در نگه داشتن داده‌ها یاری می‌رساند، چه بسا از طریق تلفیق داده‌های جاری و متداول با اطلاعات جدید برای مدیریت، از طریق قابلیت وصول نظام‌مند به رویه‌های درونی و یا بیرونی حل مسئله، ظرفیت‌های سازمانی بیشتری پدید می‌آورد. لذا این مقاله به دنبال ارائه یک بررسی سیستماتیک است که تمام ادبیات بررسی شده در رابطه با دولت باز را در بر می‌گیرد.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Open Government: Origin, Development and Related Legal Institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh jangjooi kheljan 1
  • Ayat Mulaee 2

1 Graduated with a doctorate in public law from Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz,

چکیده [English]

Purpose: In today's advanced world, to maintain their existence, organizations must constantly monitor their performance to improve it and increase people's trust in them. One of the things that an organization or government can do to improve its performance is to increase transparency. The theory of open government, which comes from transparency, is considered an issue of the day in order to increase intra-border and extra-border communication. This article, while providing a unified definition of open government, has been written with the aim of explaining the jurisdiction of legal institutions related to the framework (components) of open government. In addition, this article analyzes the empirical and conceptual literature on open government to infer the framework of open government and open data policies in achieving open government in order to improve public administration.
Design/ methodology/ approach: This article is a descriptive and analytical approach, and the sources used in this research are part of the books and articles that are collected and compiled in a library format, and at the end of each part, the content is presented in a table to make it easier to understand the topics. Design and methodology of research.
Research Findings: The issue of open government in the literature is very heterogeneous with regard to the field of research, the topic, the country of interest, and the content, so the integrated concept of open government is not clearly explained in the literature. In fact, the literature does not have a clear understanding of what the term open government generally includes, and even lacks basic and unified definitions, which are identified in Table No. 3, the cornerstone of the open government framework, which has led to the presentation of a homogeneous definition. Finally, in the definition of open government and different views about it, it can be briefly mentioned that the inner heart of open government consists of three pillars: transparency, participation, and cooperation, which increase public value. In addition, these three pillars affect the government-to-citizen/government-to-business relationship. Together, they form the internal factors of open government. These internal factors are influenced by external factors such as technology, accountability, regulations, and law, which ultimately interact with the internal circle to accept and trust the government as well as accountability.
Limitations & Consequences: The limitations of time and the lack of resources, and issues related to the collection of the required information and data are among the most important limitations of the current research. Also, the investigation of this research is focused on the short-term effects of implementation, and more studies are needed to analyze the long-term effects.
Practical Consequences: In organizational composition, open government, easy access to information generally means. Meanwhile, in an open government, the organizational transparency of the guarantee process and the commitment to accountability is defined by the timely disclosure of information and data, so, it is essential that the institutions outlined in this article and the proposed open data policies be further scrutinized using the aforementioned components to pave the way for the emergence of an open government as soon as possible.
Innovation or value of the Article: The issue of transparency of information becomes important when citizens have the right to access government documents and actions in order to provide the possibility of people's effective monitoring of the government. Open public data policies not only help government organizations in keeping data, perhaps through the integration of current and common data with new information for management, through the ability to systematically access internal or external problem-solving procedures, but also create more organizational capacities. Therefore, this article seeks to provide a systematic investigation that includes all the literature reviewed in relation to open government.
Paper Type: Original Paper

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Open Government
  • Literature Review
  • Transparency
  • Legal Entities
  • Organizational Management
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