چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

طراحی الگوی ارتقای شفافیت نظام اداری در تعامل با برنامه های توسعه دولت الکترونیک(مورد مطالعه: سازمان تامین اجتماعی)

نوع مقاله : مستخرج از رساله

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت منابع انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه مدیریت بازرگانی و کسب و کار، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: از آنجایی­که مهمترین عامل در بروز فساد اداری موجود در کشور، عدم شفافیت و پاسخگوئی دولت و زیر‌مجموعه‌های آن، در قبال مردم می‌باشد و عدم توجه به شفافیت سازمان‌های دولتی ایران در طول سالیان گذشته، منجر به خسارت‌های جبران‌ناپذیری بر کشور شده و در طول سالیان اخیر، هرچند ماه یک‌بار، شاهد اعلام یک فساد عظیم مالی– اداری در یکی از دستگاه‌های اجرایی کشور هستیم، موضوع تحقیق حاضر که محقق در پی انجام آن است، از بدیهی‌ترین مشکلات حاکم بر کشور است و عمده مردم جامعه، این مشکل و نابسامانی را در هنگام حضور در سازمان‌های دولتی، با تمام وجود لمس کرده‌اند. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه الگوی ارتقای شفافیت نظام اداری در تعامل با برنامه‌های توسعه دولت الکترونیک می‌باشد.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: از آنجایی‌که مطالعات اندکی پیرامون شفافیت نظام اداری در تعامل با برنامه‌های توسعه دولت الکترونیک انجام شده‌است، ماهیت پژوهش حاضر اکتشافی و رویکرد تحقیق کیفی می‌باشد، به‌طور مشخص، راهبرد پژوهش حاضر تحلیل مضمون می‌باشد. جامعه پژوهش نخبگان و صاحب‌‌نظران دانشگاهی در سازمان تامین اجتماعی می‌باشند. با توجه به اینکه نمونه‌های کیفی پژوهش به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند، هیچ‌گونه طرح محاسبه حجم نمونه مد‌‌‌نظر قرار نگرفت و محقق در این زمینه از روش گلوله‌برفی برای رسیدن به اشباع نظری استفاده نمود که پس از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند با تعداد 12 نفر از نخبگان و صاحب‌نظران، به اشباع نظری دست یافت. در این پژوهش با به‌کارگیری تکنیک تحلیل تم، تلاش شد، ارائه یک مدل و اعتبار‌سنجی آن در «الگوی ارتقای شفافیت نظام اداری در تعامل با برنامه‌های توسعه دولت الکترونیک» توضیح داده شود. به منظور تأمین روایی سازه در پژوهش کیفی حاضر، از روش کنترل توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان استفاده شد. هم‌چنین برای دستیابی به روایی درونی پس از کدگذاری، دسته‌بندی و تحلیل داده‌های کیفی، الگویی مبتنی بر تجربه به‌دست آمد که با الگوی پیش‌بینی شده حاصل از موضوعات نظری مقایسه شد. برای حصول اطمینان از پایایی بخش کیفی پژوهش و اشباع نظری از آزمون ماتریس همبستگی توافق نظرات بین افراد مصاحبه‌شونده و نمودار دو کدگذار استفاده شده است. هم‌چنین تحلیل نتایج، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار تحلیل کیفی Maxqda نسخه 2020 صورت گرفته ‌است.
یافته­‌های پژوهش: یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از اکتشاف نه تم اصلی می‌باشد که تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی اول (فرهنگ و جو سازمانی) شامل ارزش‌های سازمانی، اعتماد سازمانی، شیوه‌های انگیزشی و جو سازمانی متعالی می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی دوم (ساختار و فرایندهای اداری) شامل یکپارچگی ساختار و فرایندها، تمرکز‌زدایی و اصلاح فرایندهای اداری می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی سوم (عوامل مدیریتی) شامل سبک رهبری مناسب، مدیریت منابع مالی، مدیریت منابع انسانی و مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی چهارم (عوامل محیطی) شامل محیط اقتصادی، محیط فرهنگی، محیط دولت و نهادهای قانونی و محیط سیاسی می‌باشد.
تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی پنجم (نظارت مدیریتی) شامل نظارت سلسله‌مراتبی، نظارت بازرسان و نظارت دیجیتال می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی ششم (نظارت مردمی) شامل نظارت فردی، نظارت رسانه‌ای و نظارت سازمان‌‌های مردم‌نهاد می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی هفتم(پاسخگویی عمومی) شامل ایجاد ساختار پاسخگو، پاسخگویی به ذی‌نفعان و ارتقاء فرهنگ پاسخگویی می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی هشتم (استقرار دولت الکترونیک) شامل خدمت‌رسانی الکترونیک، اطلاع‌‌‌رسانی الکترونیک، پاسخگویی الکترونیک و مشارکت الکترونیک می‌باشد. تم‌های فرعی برای تم اصلی نهم (رشد و توسعه سازمان تامین اجتماعی) شامل پویایی و شکوفایی، رشد سودآوری سازمانی، رشد و توسعه منابع انسانی و بهبود عملکرد سازمان و کارکنان می‌باشد.
محدودیت‌­ها و پیامدها: در این مقاله به‌دلیل وجود محدودیت زمانی، صرفاً به بررسی و مطالعه در سازمان تامین اجتماعی (به‌دلیل قابلیت دسترسی به عنوان جامعه آماری) پرداخته شده ‌است.
پیامدهای عملی: با توجه به حیطه تحقیق، سازمان تامین اجتماعی و تمامی شرکت‌های فعال در این حوزه به‌طور خاص و هم‌چنین کلیه سازمان‌های دولتی و خصوصی موجود در کشور به‌طور عام می‌توانند از نتایج این تحقیق بهره‌مند شوند.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: از آنجایی که مطالعات اندکی پیرامون شفافیت نظام اداری در تعامل با برنامه‌های توسعه دولت الکترونیک انجام شده است، این مطالعه رویکرد تحقیق کیفی و به طور مشخص، راهبرد پژوهش موردی در سازمان تامین اجتماعی را برای بررسی مورد استفاده قرار می‌دهد.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Model for Promoting the Transparency of the Administrative System in Interaction with the Development Programs of E-Government (Case Study: Social Security Organization)

نویسندگان [English]

  • narges raissi 1
  • Saeed Jafarinia 2
  • hamid zare 3

1 Department of Public Management, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.

2 Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The primary factor contributing to administrative corruption in the country is the lack of transparency and accountability of the government and its subsidiaries toward the public. The lack of attention to the transparency of Iranian public organizations over the years has resulted in irreparable damage to the country. In recent years, substantial financial and administrative corruption cases have emerged in governmental agencies nearly every few months. Thus, this research addresses a fundamental issue within the country, as a majority of the public has personally experienced these challenges and irregularities when interacting with public organizations. This study aims to present a model for enhancing administrative transparency in alignment with e-government development programs.
Design/ methodology/ approach: Since few studies have been conducted on the transparency of the administrative system in relation to e-government development programs, the nature of this research is exploratory, and the approach is qualitative. Specifically, it utilizes a case study strategy focused on the Social Security Organization. The research population includes elites and academic experts within the Social Security Organization. No sample size calculation was required because the qualitative sample was purposefully selected. The researcher used a snowball sampling technique to reach theoretical saturation, achieving it after conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. The study employed thematic analysis to propose and validate a model titled “Model for Enhancing Administrative Transparency in Interaction with E-Government Development Programs.” Participant validation was used to ensure construct validity. Internal validity was established by comparing the experience-based model generated from coding, categorization, and qualitative data analysis with the anticipated model derived from theoretical subjects. To ensure the reliability of the qualitative part of the research and theoretical saturation, the agreement test based on the correlation matrix of the agreement of opinions between the interviewees and the diagram of two coders have been used. Additionally, the data analysis was performed using the Maxqda qualitative analysis software, version 2020.
 
Research Findings: The research findings revealed nine main themes. The sub-themes for the first main theme (Organizational Culture and Atmosphere) include organizational values, organizational trust, motivational practices, and superior organizational atmosphere. Sub-themes for the second main theme (Administrative Structure and Processes) include structural and process integration, decentralization, and administrative process reform. Sub-themes for the third main theme (Managerial Factors) include appropriate leadership style, financial management, human resource management, and IT management. Sub-themes for the fourth main theme (Environmental Factors) include the economic environment, cultural environment, government and legal institutions, and the political environment. Sub-themes for the fifth main theme (Managerial Supervision) include hierarchical supervision, inspector supervision, and digital supervision. Sub-themes for the sixth main theme (Public Supervision) include individual monitoring, media oversight, and supervision by NGOs. Sub-themes for the seventh main theme (Public Accountability) include establishing an accountable structure, stakeholder accountability, and promoting a culture of accountability. Sub-themes for the eighth main theme (Establishment of E-Government) include e-service delivery, e-information dissemination, e-accountability, and e-participation. Sub-themes for the ninth main theme (Growth and Development of the Social Security Organization) include dynamism and flourishing, growth in organizational profitability, human resource growth and development, and improving organizational and staff performance.
Limitations & Consequences Due to time constraints, this article only focuses on the Social Security Organization (selected for accessibility as the research population).
Practical Consequences: This research's findings benefit the Social Security Organization, all companies within this sector, and generally to all governmental and private organizations within the country.
Innovation or value of the Article Given the limited studies on administrative transparency in interaction with e-government development programs, this study employs a qualitative research approach, specifically a case study strategy in the Social Security Organization.
Paper Type: Original Paper
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Administrative Transparency
  • Administrative Corruption
  • E-Government
  • Social Security Organization
  • Digital Supervision
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چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 15، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60
دی 1403
صفحه 89-111