Provide a framework for classifying entrepreneurial motivations based on the direction and source of motivation

Document Type : Systematic Review

Authors
khadijeh azizi 1
Mahdi Hosseinpour 2
bijan rezaee 3
1 Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Department of Management and Entrepreneurship - Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics and Entrepreneurship - Razi University, Iran
10.52547/jpap.2021.222646.1080
Abstract
Purpose: Entrepreneurship is one of the key factors in economic development and a key indicator in the development of growing societies. What motivates the entrepreneur to start an entrepreneurial activity is entrepreneurial motivation. Entrepreneurial motivation is the process of transforming an ordinary person into an entrepreneur who can create opportunities and help maximize wealth and economic development. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the motivations of entrepreneurs.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research has been done with a systematic review approach and using a six-cell matrix in two components for motivation (traction or pressure) and sources of motivating (economic, psychological or social).
Research Findings: According to the six-cell matrix, the highest frequency of motivations identified are: psychological traction motives with 61%, economic traction motives with 21.1%, social traction motives with 6.2%, psychological compulsive motives with 9.2%, Social pressure motives 2% and economic pressure motives 5%. Shows the percentage distribution of motivations.
Limitations & Consequences: The cultural context and demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs are not separated in this study
Practical Consequences: Identifying and classifying their motivations and focusing and strengthening these motivations in the programs of policy makers and planners will lead to economic and social development.
Innovation or value of the Article: According to the new model, entrepreneurs' motivations are classified into two components: motivation and motivation source.
Paper Type: Systematic review
Keywords
Entrepreneurial Motivations
Traction
Pressure
Systematic Review
  1. Abecassis‐Moedas, C., BenMahmoud‐Jouini, S., Manceau, D., & Pereira, J. (2021). Imprinting of founders' entrepreneurial motivations on enterprises' practices and processes: The context of creative industries. Creativity and Innovation Management, 30(1), 182-197
  2. Aftan, Y., & Hanapi, M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial motivation on small business performance in Iraq. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(1), 409-419.
  3. Akhtari, M., Keshavarzi, A. (2014). Identifying the Effective Type of Job Incentives on Entrepreneurs’ Decision Making Case Study: Tehran University Science and Technology Park. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 7(2), 289-304. doi: 10.22059/jed.2014.52067
  4. Aldaz, F. J. D., Gómez, E. G. P., & Vasco, W. Á. (2018) Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of Senior University Students. 39 (09). Page 32
  5. Amini, M., Tamanai, M., GHolami Alavi, S. (2012). Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Capabilities of Girl Student.Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 3(12), 115-138.
  6. Amit, R. and Muller, E. (1995), Push and pull entrepreneurship (two types based on motivation), Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 64-80.
  7. Aramand, M. (2013). Women entrepreneurship in Mongolia: the role of culture on entrepreneurial motivation. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 32(2), 68-82.
  8. Arasti, z., & valinejad, m. (2011). Type of entrepreneur's incentives among iranian women. The journal of womens' studies (journal of scientific and research on women's studies), 5(3), 99-125. Https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/viewpaper.aspx?id=239605
  9. Arasti, Z., Kanani, A., SeyedGhasemi, N. (2013). Women and Men Entrepreneurs' Motivations in Industry Sector: Similarities and Differences. Women in Development & Politics, 11(1), 83-100. doi: 10.22059/jwdp.2013.35481
  10. Arasti, Z., Maleki, M., Valinejad, M., Mobaraki, M. (2013). Women Entrepreneurs' Start-Up Motivations and its influence on Business Growth.. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 11(1), 71-92. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2014.1460
  11. Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2012). Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 18(2), 132-138.
  12. Benzing, C., Chu, H. M., & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations, success factors, and problems. Journal of small business management, 47(1), 58-91.
  13. Chernev, A. (2015). The marketing plan handbook. Cerebellum Press.
  14. DamOri, D., Nejati AjTbishe, M., Monfared, S. (2009). Identifying and Ranking Motivations for Entrepreneurship among Female University Students Using a Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach: Case of Female Students of University of Yazd. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological, 7(3), 7-29. doi: 10.22051/jwsps.2009.1366
  15. Delanoë‐Gueguen, S., & Liñán, F. (2019). A longitudinal analysis of the influence of career motivations on entrepreneurial intention and action. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 36(4), 527-543
  16. DeMartino, R.,& Barbato, R(2002). An analysis of the motivational factors of intending entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 13(2), 26-36.
  17. Duque,f.J.,pazan,e.G.,& alvarez,w.A. (2018). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention of senior university students. Revista espacios, 39(09), 32-43.
  18. Emiel Eijdenberg, Nsubili M. Isaga, Leonard J. Paas & Enno Masurel (2019): Fluid Entrepreneurial Motivations in Tanzania, Journal of African Business, DOI: 10.1080/15228916.2019.1695191
  19. Fereidouni, H. G., Masron, T. A., Nikbin, D., & Amiri, R. E. (2010). Consequences of external environment on entrepreneurial motivation in Iran. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(2), 175-196.
  20. Hisrich, Robert; Peters, Michael (2002). Entrepreneurship (Vol. I). Translated by Feyzbakhsh, Seyed Alireza; Taghi Yari, Hamidreza (2010). Scientific publications of Sharif University, Tehran
  21. Humbert, A. L., & Drew, E. (2010). Gender, entrepreneurship and motivational factors in an Irish context. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 173-196.
  22. Iden, J., Methlie, L. B., & Christensen, G. E. (2017). The nature of strategic foresight research: A systematic literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 116, 87-97.
  23. Igarashi, M., de Boer, L., & Fet, A. M. (2013). What is required for greener supplier selection? A literature review and conceptual model development. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 19(4), 247-263.
  24. Ismail, A. Z. B. H., Zain, M. F. B. M., & Ahmed, E. M. (2006). A study of motivation in business start-ups among Malay entrepreneurs. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 5(2), 103-112. ‏ ‏ ‏
  25. Jahani S, Abedi ha, Fallahi Khoshknab m, Elahi n. (2014). Perceived entrepreneurial motivators by Iranian nurse entrepreneurs: a qualitative study.3(3); 68-77
    URL:     http://ijnv.ir/article-1-260-fa.html
  26. Khanifar, Hossein; Ahmadi Azram, Hadi; Zamanifar, Mohsen (2010). "The Role of Demographics and Demographic Factors in Home Entrepreneurship" Socio-Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Work and Society, No. 127, pp. 77-59.
  27. Khosravipour, B., Tahmasbi, M., Baradaran, M. (2021). Investigating the Rural Women’s Motivations for Establishing Agriculture- based Micro-Enterprises in Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal, 17(0), 77-87
  28. Kirkwood,J. (2009).Motivational factors in a push‐pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 24(5), 346-364.
  29. Kumar, D., & Kalyani, B. (2011). Motivational factors, entrepreneurship and education: Study with reference to women in SMEs. Far East journal of psychology and business, 3(2), 14-35.
  30. Maslow, A. H. (1981). Motivation and personality. Prabhat Prakashan.‏‏
  31. McClelland, E., Swail, J., Bell, J. and Ibbotson, P. (2005), Following the pathway of female entrepreneurs: a six-country investigation”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 84-107
  32. Mohammadi, Mehdi, Khazaei, Saeed, Mubaraki, Mohammad Hassan, Rezaei Torghi, Saeed. (2015). . Public Administration Perspaective, 5(4), 107-122.
  33. Mohammadi, Zohreh; Lashgar Ara, Farhad (2013). "The Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Empowering Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Ilam Province" Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Research, Volume 6, Number 2, Pages 72-61.
  34. Moradi, Houria; Shaban Ali Fami; Hossein (2010). "Identification of Entrepreneurship Capabilities - Case Study: Female Students of Ahvaz Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural Resources" . Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 3(2), 141-161
  35. Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research.
  36. Orhan, M., & Scott, D. (2001). Why women enter into entrepreneurship: an explanatory model.Women in management review.
  37. ‏Purwana, D., & Suhud, U. (2018). Investigating the effect of motivation on entrepreneurial intention: three different approaches. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 16(2), 200-208.
  38. Raman, K., Anantharaman, R. N., & Jayasingam, S. (2008). Motivational factors affecting entrepreneurial decision: A comparison between Malaysian women entrepreneurs and women non entrepreneurs. Communications of the IBIMA, 2(12), 85-89.
  39. Robbins, Stephen P،Jaj, Timothy. (2010). organizational behavior. Translated by Mehdi Zare. Nas Publications, Tehran, Volume One.
  40. Robbins, Stephen. (1943). Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior. Translated by Parsaiyan, Ali; Arabi, Seyed Mohammad (1999). Publications of the Office of Cultural Studies, Tehran.
  41. Robichaud, Y., Cachon, J. C., & Haq, R. (2010). Motives, success factors, and barriers among Canadian female entrepreneurs: The case of Greater Sudbury. Entrepreneurial practice review, 1(2), 36-65.
  42. Rostamalizadeh, V., alijomeh zadeh, P. (2018). Factors Affecting on the Success of Women Entrepreneurs in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development), 12(3), 147-172. Doi: 10.22055/qjsd.2018.13
  43. Sarmadi, M., Mahboobi, T., Abdollahzade, H. (2009). Investigating the Relationship between of Intelligence Beliefs, Self-Esteem, Achievement Motive and Entrepreneurship among the Students of Payame Noor University in Western and Eastern Azerbaijan. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 4(14), 63-88.
  44. Sarvestan Narges; Azizinejad, Hossein (2015)."A Review of Entrepreneurial Psychology and its Role in Business" Journal of New Advances in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, First Year, No. 1, pp. 39-26
  45. Schjoedt, L. and Shaver, K.G. (2007), Deciding on an entrepreneurial career: a test of the pull and push hypotheses using the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics data”, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 31 No. 5, pp. 733-52
  46. Segal, G., Borgia, D. and Schoenfeld, J. (2005), The motivation to become an entrepreneur, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 42-57
  47. Sepahvand Reza, Nasr Isfahani Ali, Arefnejad Mohsen, Sobhani Mohammad Impact Leadership Spiritual Leadership Motivation Internal Staff.. (2013). Public Administration Perspaective, 4(1), -.
  48. Seuring, S., & Müller, M. (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1699-1710
  49. Shane, S. (2003). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship. The Individual– Opportunity Nexus, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar
  50. Shi, B., & Wang, T. (2021). Analysis of Entrepreneurial Motivation on Entrepreneurial Psychology in the Context of Transition Economy. Frontiers in Psychology, 2979.
  51. Shiri, N., Alibaygi, A. (2015). Identifying entrepreneurial motivations of agricultural students: application of multidimensional scaling (Case study: Campus of agriculture and natural resources, Razi University). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 46(2), 347-362. doi: 10.22059/ijaedr.2015.54901
  52. Silva, M. (2015). A systematic review of Foresight in Project Management literature.Procedia Computer Science, 64, 792-799.
  53. Stefanovic, I., Prokic, S., & Rankovic, L. (2010). Motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs: the evidence from a developing country. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu, 28(2), 251-269.
  54. Upadhaya, G., & Chadha, P. (2019). Entrepreneurial Motivations and Barriers Among Management Students in Himachal Pradesh: An Empirical Study. Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, 8(2), 48.
  55. Varestefar, A., Vakilifard, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship of Women (Case Study of Industrial Park of Tehran and Semnan). Future study Management, 27(106), 45-59.
  56. Ward, A., Hernández-Sánchez, B., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Intentions in Students from a Trans-National Perspective. Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 37
  57. Yaghoubi Farani, A., Soleymani, A. (2015). The impact of personal characteristics on rural women entrepreneurs’ success in Hamedan Province. Women in Development & Politics, 13(1), 113-130. doi: 10.22059/jwdp.2015.5520