,
نوع مقاله : پژوهشی ( با رویکردهای کمی)
چکیده
اگرچه مدیریت دولتی در دهههای اخیر بر مفهوم پیچیده عملکرد و ارزشیابی آن، تمرکز کرده اما همزمان وزیران و وزارتخانههایشان را نادیده گرفته است تاجاییکه ادعا میشود مطالعه وزیران در دوران طفولیت است. اهمیت ارزشیابی عملکرد بر کسی پوشیده نیست و در نظر، هرچه از قاعده سازمانها به سمت رأس آنها حرکت میکنیم بر اهمیت ارزشیابی عملکرد میافزاید اما در عمل، این گونه نیست؛ لذا نظر به خلأ الگویِ ارزشیابیِ عملکردِ مدیرانِ عالی دولتی، این پژوهش، وزیران را مورد مطالعه خود قرار داد و ازآنجاکه در الگوهای ارزشیابی عملکرد، معمولاً عواملی محیطی وجود دارد که عملکرد را تقویت یا تضعیف میکند بر «شناخت شرایط مؤثر محیطی در عملکرد وزیران» تمرکز کرد. سپس، ازآنجاکه بررسی و جمعبندی یافتههای مطالعات گذشته، گام مهمی در ترسیم تصویر جامعی از آنها است فراترکیب آنها را مدنظر قرار داد؛ لذا در گام اول، با جستوجوی فراگیر منابع، 80 منبع به دست آمد که در پالایشی سهمرحلهای به 48 منبع مرتبط، کاسته شد. سپس از یافتههای آنها، 76 شناسه، استخراج شد که پس از پالایش، تحلیل و جمعبندی به 22 مفهوم و 7 مقوله به شرح زیر منتج شد: شرایط سیاسی، تیم مدیریتی، شرایط حقوقی/اداری، وجهه عمومی، شرایط خطمشی، شرایط بینالملل و شرایط اقتصادی.
- پورعزت، علیاصغر (1394). مدیریت از طریق ارزشیابی عملکرد برای هدایت مسیر پیشرفت جامعه. تهران: الگوی پیشرفت.
- پورعزت، علیاصغر و سیدرضایی، میریعقوب (1396). ارزشیابی عملکرد دولت و حکومت. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاهها (سمت).
- رسولی، رضا و صالحی، علی (1395). مدیریت منابع انسانی پیشرفته. تهران: دانشگاه پیام نور.
- عرب، سیدمحمد، ابراهیمزاده پزشکی، رضا و مروتی شریفآبادی، علی (1393). طراحی مدل فراترکیب عوامل مؤثر بر طلاق با مرور نظاممند مطالعههای پیشین. اپیدمیولوژی ایران، 10 (4)، 22-10.
- کمالی، یحیی (1396). روششناسی فراترکیب و کاربرد آن در سیاستگذاری عمومی. سیاست، 47 (3)، 736-721.
- نعامی، عبداله و غلامپور، اسداله (1395). بررسی ساختار عاملی مسئولیت اجتماعی، رضایت مشتری، شهرت سازمانی و عملکرد در بنگاههای اقتصادی (مطالعه موردی: بانک شهر). اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، 5 (17)، 12-1.
- نقیبزاده، احمد (1379). درآمدی بر جامعهشناسی سیاسی. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاهها (سمت).
- هادیزاده مقدم، اکرم، امیرخانی، طیبه و عبدالملکی، مریم (1395). بررسی تأثیر شهرت سازمانی بر رفتار شهروندی سازمانی. مطالعات مدیریت (بهبود و تحول)، 25 (81)، 169-151.
- Arab, Seyed Mohammad, Ebrahimzade Pezeshki, Reza, & Morovvati Sharifabadi, Ali (2015). Designing a Meta-Synthesis Model of Factors Affecting Divorce by Systematic Review of Previous Studies. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 10(4), 10-22. (In Persian).
- Auer, M. R. (2008). Presidential Environmental Appointees in Comparative Perspec-tive. Public Administration Review, 68 (1), 68-80.
- Ballard, Elizabeth J. & Suedfeld, Peter (1988). Performance Ratings of Canadian Prime Ministers: Individual and Situational Factors. Political Psychology, 9 (2), 291-302.
- Being an Effective Minister (2015). UK: Institute for Government. Accessible at: https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/election-2015/being-effective-minister
- Buller, Jim, & James, Toby S. (2015). Integrating Structural Context into the Assessment of Political Leadership: Philosophical Realism, Gordon Brown and the Great Financial Crisis. Parliamentary Affairs, 68 (1), pp. 77-96.
- Byrne, Chris, Randall, Nick, & Theakston, Kevin (2015). Evaluating British Prime Ministerial Performance: David Cameron in Political Time. Accessible at: https://igs.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/kevin_theakston.pdf
- Byrne, Chris, Randall, Nick, & Theakston, Kevin (2017). Evaluating British Prime Ministerial Performance: David Cameron’s Premiership in Political Time. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19 (1), 202-220.
- Cheong, J. (2009). Suggested Capacities for Minister's Success: An Empirical Approach Based on Saaty's AHP. International Journal of Public Administration, 32 (2), 136-151.
- Cleary, H., & Reeves, R. (2009). The ‘Culture of Churn’ for UK Ministers and the Price We All Pay. DEMOS Research Briefing. Accessable at: https://www.demos.co.uk/files/Ministerial_Churn.pdf
- Creating an Effective Ministerial Team: Ministers and Their Special Advisers (2012). UK: London: The Institute for Government.
- Drabble, S. (2011). Ministerial Effectiveness: Literature Review; A Summary Review of the Literature. UK: London: Institute for Government.
- Elgie, Robert (2014). Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives. West European Politics, 37 (5), 1187-1188.
- Gill, Roger (2009). Leadership in the Public Sector – Is It Different?. Herefordshire: Research Focus: The Leadership Trust.
- Goats and Tsars: Ministerial and Other Appointments from Outside Parliament (Eighth Report of Session 2009–10) (2010). House of Commons: Public Administration Select Committee, London: The Stationery Office Limited.
- Gruhn, Zoe (2010). Taking the Helm: Thoughts for Secretaries of State Taking Over a Department. England: Institute for Government.
- Gruhn, Zoe, & Slater, Felicity (2012). Special Advisers And Ministerial Effectiveness. England: Institute for Government.
- Hadizade Moghadam, Akram, Amirkhani, Tayebe, & Abdolmaleki, Maryam (2016). Studying the Impact of Organizational Reputation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 25 (81), 151-169. (In Persian).
- Hahm, Sung Deuk, Jung, Kwangho, & Moon, M. Jae (2004). Exploring the Linkage between Ministerial Leadershipand Performance: How do the Locus and the Type of Leadership Influence Performance?. Prepared for the Conference on Smart Practice Toward Innovation in Public Management, June 15-17, 2004. University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
- Heffernan, Richard (2003). Prime Ministerial Predominance? Core Executive Politics in the UK. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5 (3), 347-372.
- Ingraham, P. W., Thompson, J. R., & Eisenberg, E. F. (1995). Political Management Strategies and Political/Career Relationships: Where Are We Now in the Federal Government?. Public Administration Review, 55 (3), 263-272.
- Ingraham, Patricia W. (1987). Building Bridges or Burning Them? The President, the Appointees, and the Bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 47 (5), 425-435.
- James, Simon (1999). British Cabinet Government. London: Routledge.
- Johansson, Jon, & Levine, Stephen (2013). Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The New Zealand Experience, pp. 291-317. In Paul Strangio, Paul ‘t Hart, & James Walter (Eds.), Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance; Comparative Perspectives. London: Oxford.
- Joyce, Philip G. (1990). An Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Employment Tenure of Federal Political Executives. Administration & Society, 22 (1), 127-145.
- Jung, Kwangho, Moon, M. Jae, & Hahm, Sung Deuk (2008). Exploring the Linkage Between Ministerial Leadership and Performance in Korea. Administration & Society, 40 (7), 667-690.
- Kamali, Yahya (2017). The Methodology of Meta Synthesis and Implications for Public Policy. Politic, 47(3), 721-736. (In Persian).
- Kavanagh, Dennis, & Richards, David (2003). Prime Ministers, Ministers and Civil Servants in Britain. Comparative Sociology, 2 (1), 175-195.
- Kenney, Patrick J., & Rice, Tom W. (1988). The Contextual Determinants of Presidential Greatness. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 18 (1), 161-169.
- Kocijan, Bojana (2014). "Mindset Matters" Understanding Prime Ministers' Performance in Central and Eastern Europe. PhD Thesis. Budapest: Hungary: Central Europian University.
- Kwiatkowski, Richard (2012). Politicians and Power: MPs in the UK Parliament, pp. 39-58. In A. Weinberg (Ed.), The Psychology of Politicians. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Laughrin, David (2009). Swimming for Their Lives - Waving or Drowning? A Review of the Evidence of Ministerial Overload and of Potential Remedies for it. The Political Quarterly, 80 (3), 339-350.
- Lee, Yu-Ting (2010). Exploring High-performers’ Required Competencies. Expert Systems with Applications, 37 (1), 434-439.
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
- Maranell, Gary M. (1970). The Evaluation of Presidents: An Extension of the Schlesinger Polls. The Journal of American History, 57 (1), 104-113.
- Marsh, David, & McConnell, Allan (2010). Towards a Framework for Establishing Policy Success. Public Administration 88 (2), 564-583.
- Marsh, David, Richards, David, & Smith, Martin J. (2000). Re-assessing the Role of Departmental Cabinet Ministers. Public Administration, 78 (2), 305-326.
- Marsh, David, Richards, David, & Smith, Martin J. (2001). Changing Patterns of Governance in the United Kingdom Reinventing Whitehall?. New York: Palgrave.
- Mccaffrie, Brendan (2012). Understanding the Success of Presidents and Prime Ministers: The Role of Opposition Parties. Australian Journal of Political Science, 47 (2), 257-271.
- Moynihan, Donald P. (2008). The Dynamics of Performance Management: Constructing Information and Reform. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
- Na’ami, Abdollah, & Gholampoor, Asadollah (2017). Investigating Factor Structure of Social Responsibility, Customer Satisfaction, Organizational Reputation and Performance in Enterprises (Case study: Bank Shahr). IUESA, 5 (17), 1-12. (In Persian).
- Naghibzade, Ahmad (2000). Introduction to Political Sociology. Tehran: SAMT. (In Persian).
- Paun, Akash (2013). Supporting Ministers to Lead; Rethinking the Ministerial Private Office. England: Institute for Government.
- Poister, Theodore H., Aristigueta, Maria P., & Hall, Jeremy L. (2015). Managing and Measuring Performance in Public and Nonprofit Organizations; An Integrated Approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Pourezzat, Aliasghar (2015). Management through Performance Evaluation to Guide Progress of Society. Tehran: Progress Model. (In Persian).
- Pourezzat, Aliasghar, & Seyyed Rezaei, Mir Yaghoub (2017). Performance Evaluation of Government and Administration. Tehran: SAMT. (In Persian).
- Rasouli, Reza, & Salehi, Ali (2016). Advanced Human Resources Management. Tehran: Paiam-e Noor University. (In Persian).
- Rhodes, R. A. W., & Tiernan, Anne (2013). Organizational Capacity and Prime Ministerial Effectiveness: Observations from Australia. 63rd PSA Annual Conference, ‘The Party’s Over?’. 25-27 March 2013, City Hall, Cardiff.
- Riccucci, Norma M. (1995). "Execucrats," Politics, and Public Policy: What Are the Ingredients for Successful Performance in the Federal Government?. Public Administration Review, 55 (3), 219-230.
- Riddell, Peter (2013). Ministers and Mandarins; How Civil Servants and Politicians Can Work Better Together. England: Institute for Government.
- Riddell, Peter, Gruhn, Zoe & Carolan, Liz (1991). The Challenge of Being a Minister: Defining and Developing Ministerial Effectiveness. UK: Institute for Government.
- Riddell, Peter, Gruhn, Zoe & Carolan, Liz (2011). The Challenge of Being a Minister: Summary and Recommendations Paper. UK: Institute for Government.
- Riley, Beresford (2009). Improving individual performance: Effective Performance Management Systems for Small States. Regional Caribbean Conference on Improving Public Service Performance in the OECS in Times of Crisis, Saint Lucia: Rex Saint Lucian Hotel. [Powerpoint File]. Accessible at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTLACREGTOPPUBSECGOV/Resources/Day2-Panel2-Beresford-Riley.ppt
- Rose, Richard (1971). The Making of Cabinet Ministers. British Journal of Political Science, 1 (4), 393-414.
- Schofield, Carina Paine (2008). Key Challenges Facing Public Sector Leaders: Themes from the Ashridge Public Leadership Centre Essay Competition 2007. The Ashridge Journal. Accessible at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/428f/7039eff96ac492e7e789b1f95987ebbf02cc.pdf
- Shafritz, Jay M., & Borick, Christopher (2007). Introducing Public Policy. London: Longman.
- Sheppard, Simon (1998). Ranking New Zealand’s Prime Ministers. Political Science, 50 (1), 72-89.
- Smith, Martin J., Richards, David, & Marsh, David (2000). The Changing Role of Central Government Departments, pp. 146-163. In R. A. W. Rhodes (Ed.), Transforming British Government; Volume 2: Changing Roles and Relationships. Great Britain: London: Macmillan Press LTD.
- Strangio, Paul, ‘t Hart, Paul, & Walter, James (2013). Prime Ministers and the Performance of Public Leadership, pp. 1-28. In Paul Strangio, Paul ‘t Hart, & James Walter (Eds.), Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance; Comparative Perspectives. London: Oxford.
- t Hart, Paul, & Schelfhout, David (2016). Assessing Prime-ministerial Performance in a Multiparty Democracy: The Dutch Case. Acta Politica, 51 (2), 153-172.
- Talbot, Colin (2010). Theories of Performance; Organizational and Service Improvement in the Public Domain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- The Impact and Effectiveness of Ministerial Reshuffles: Second Report of Session 2013–14 (2013). House of Commons: Political and Constitutional Reform Committee, London: The Stationery Office Limited.
- Theakston, Kevin (2002). Political Skills and Context in Prime Ministerial Leadership in Britain. Politics & Policy, 30 (2), 283-323.
- Theakston, Kevin (2013). Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The British Experience, pp. 221-242. In Paul Strangio, Paul 't Hart, & James Walter (Eds.), Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives, Oxford University Press.
- Walter, James (2013). Personal Style, Institutional Setting and Historical Opportunity: Prime-Ministerial Performance in Context, pp. 33-56. In Paul Strangio, Paul ‘t Hart, & James Walter (Eds.), Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance; Comparative Perspectives. London: Oxford.
- Wang, XiaoHu (2009). Performance Analysis for Public and Nonprofit Organizations. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
- Zimmer, Lela (2006). Qualitative Meta-Synthesis: A Question of Dialoguing with Texts. Methodological Issues in Nursing Research, 53 (3), 311-318.