Public Administration Perspective
رهبری استثماری
Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1 Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Lorestan university, Khorramabad, Iran.
2 PhD student in public Administraion, Management faculty, Faculty of Management, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
Abstract
Purpose: In today's organizations, one of the most destructive and negative leadership styles that has become increasingly prevalent is known as exploitative leadership. Exploitative leaders are leaders who only think about their own interests and exploit and exploit others to further their own personal interests. Given that this leadership style falls under the umbrella of destructive and dysfunctional leadership in organizations and has negative chain consequences for followers and the organization, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model for the emergence of exploitative leadership in government organizations using the fuzzy interpretive structural modeling method. Design/ methodology/ approach: This research was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, the factors affecting the emergence of exploitative leadership were identified using semi-structured interviews with experts, and then in the quantitative part, the effect of each factor on the other was measured through a paired comparison questionnaire completed by the experts. The present study is based on an applied purpose and in terms of method, it is a mixed quantitative and qualitative research. The data have been analyzed through the fuzzy whole interpretive structural modeling method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative and quantitative part is a group of experts, including professors of Lorestan University and senior managers of government organizations in Lorestan province, 20 of whom were selected using purposive sampling and the theoretical saturation principle. The data collection tool in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview that was conducted in person for an average of 30 minutes, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire. Considering that 16 components were identified for the emergence of exploitative leadership in the qualitative section, Therefore, the questionnaires were formed in the form of a [16×16] matrix and were provided to the experts of the previous stage in person and by email, and they were asked to respond to it based on the fuzzy whole interpretive structural equation algorithm. Its validity and reliability were confirmed by content and theoretical validity methods, and intra- and inter-coder reliability, respectively. Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative part is a questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and test-retest reliability. In this study, qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and MaxQDA software, and quantitative results were analyzed using the fuzzy interpretive structural modeling method.
Research Findings: The results of the research are presented in the form of a model of the emergence of exploitative leadership in four axes: the contexts of the emergence of exploitative leadership, correlated and interfering factors in the emergence of exploitative leadership, dimensions of exploitative leadership, and the consequences of the emergence of exploitative leadership.
Limitations & Consequences: Considering the purpose and type of research that should be used from the interview process and experts' opinions, this included the limitation in the number of samples and the difficulty of accessing experts, as well as the possibility of bias in answering the questions and presenting and recording the findings. Another limitation is that, due to the fact that the present research was conducted in the government organizations of Lorestan province, the generalization of the research results to other societies is limited. Another limitation of the research was that, this research was done in a specific time frame, thus it shows the opinion of the respondents in a limited time frame.
Practical Consequences: By identifying a destructive leadership style such as exploitative leadership, the present study helps government organizations to identify this fundamental problem that affects job performance, managers, employees, and ultimately the performance of the organization, and to avoid the emergence of this leadership style and its harmful consequences, as mentioned in the present study.
Innovation or value of the Article: Given that the nature of leadership is such that it affects both employee performance and the overall performance of the organization, the present study was able to inform managers about the factors affecting the formation of the aforementioned leadership style and help them take steps to control and reduce this destructive leadership style and improve their leadership style.
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