چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

مدیریت مطلوب سازمان های ورزشی با رویکرد شایسته سالاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

هدف: بی‌شک رشد و توسعه پایدار و همه‌جانبه سازمان‌ها در گرو حضور تیم مدیریتی شایسته در رأس آنها است. حاکمیت شایسته‌سالاری در دستگاه‌های اداری، باعث دگرگونی و تغییرات زیاد و در نتیجه باعث ارتقای سرمایه انسانی و توسعه کشورها می‌گردد. ایجاد نظام شایسته‌سالاری در سازمان‌ها می‌تواند به تأمین عدالت اجتماعی، افزایش انگیزش، پویایی، خلاقیت و نوآوری و تحرک مدیران، کاهش فساد اداری و مالی، افزایش بهره‌وری سازمان و مصرف بهینه بودجه‌ ادارات و توسعه سرمایه انسانی ختم شود. رویکرد شایسته‌سالاری یکی از مؤثرترین و کارآمدترین رویکردها جهت ایجاد انسجام گروهی در سازمان به شمار می‌رود. با استفاده از این رویکرد سازمان می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک سیستم منسجم در جهت پیشبرد اهداف پیش‌بینی‌ شده خود گام بردارد. همچنین رویکرد شایسته‌سالاری باهدف به‌کارگیری نیروهای شایسته و توانا به دنبال این است که مدیران سطوح بالای سازمان‌های ورزشی از تخصص، توانایی و شایستگی‌های لازم برخوردار باشند تا ضمن افزایش بهره‌وری در این سازمان‌ها از فساد و سوء استفاده‌های مختلف و هدر رفت منابع جلوگیری شود. لذا به‌کارگیری افراد در پست‌های مناسب با توانایی آن‌ها به‌ویژه در سازمان‌های ورزشی که شرایط خاص خود را دارند در قالب سیستم شایسته‌سالاری بسیار اهمیت دارد. بررسی شرایط حال حاضر در عرصه ورزش کشور نشان می‌دهد مشکلات و موانع فراوانی در راستای مدیریت سازمان‌های ورزشی و مدیریت صحیح منابع انسانی وجود دارد. نبود قوانین و چارچوب مشخص در به‌کارگیری مدیران ورزشی، سیاسی‌کاری و سیاسی بازی در ورزش، بوروکراسی بی‌مورد اداری، تزلزل در پست‌های مدیریتی با جابجایی دولت‌ها، عدم شفاف‌سازی عملکرد، نبود فرهنگ شایسته‌سالاری در ورزش، کم‌اهمیت جلوه دادن مبحث ورزش، ورزشی نبودن مدیران بلندپایه سازمان‌های ورزشی و غیره می‌تواند از جمله چالش‌های موجود در مسیر شایسته‌سالاری در سازمان‌های ورزشی به شمار رود. لذا هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت مطلوب سازمان‌های ورزشی با رویکرد شایسته‌سالاری بود.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: روش پژوهش از نوع کیفی، از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نوع پژوهش‌های اکتشافی است که در آن از روش تحلیل مضمون استفاده ‌شده است. جامعه پژوهش را مدیران ارشد سازمان‌های ورزشی و اعضای هیئت‌ علمی رشته مدیریت ورزشی دانشگاه‌های کشور تشکیل دادند. از روش نمونه‌گیری غیر احتمالی هدفمند برای انتخاب مصاحبه‌شوندگان استفاده شد. نمونه پژوهش شامل 21 نفر از مدیران ارشد سازمان‌های ورزشی و اساتید رشته مدیریت ورزشی کشور بود. برای گردآوری داده‌ها، از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با خبرگان استفاده شد که تا حد اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل مصاحبه‌ها از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA20 استفاده شد. همچنین در تحقیق حاضر از روش توافق بین کدگذاران و تعیین ضریب کاپای فلیس برای محاسبه پایایی استفاده شد. در نهایت ضریب کاپای فلیس کل 70/. به دست آمد که نشان می‌دهد که بین کدگذاران توافق خوبی وجود دارد.
یافته­‌های پژوهش:  بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت مطلوب سازمان‌های ورزشی با رویکرد شایسته‌سالاری، شامل 132 کد باز شد که در 16 مضمون فرعی قرار گرفتند. از مضامین فرعی به‌دست ‌آمده نیز 7 مضمون اصلی به دست آمد که شامل: عوامل فردی (شایستگی‌های عمومی، شایستگی‌های هوشی، شایستگی‌های اعتقادی، شایستگی سیاسی، شایستگی علمی–تخصصی، شایستگی مدیریتی، شایستگی‌های ارتباطی، شایستگی اقتصادی)، عوامل سیاسی، عوامل اقتصادی (شرایط اقتصادی)، عوامل قانونی (قانون‌گذاری، قانون‌مداری)، عوامل اجتماعی، عوامل فرهنگی و عوامل سازمانی بودند.
محدودیت‌­ها و پیامدها: متأسفانه ملاحظه شد بخشی از جامعه پژوهش، خود بر اساس شایسته‌سالاری در رأس سازمان‌های ورزشی نبودند. همچنین یافته‌های این پژوهش صرفاً مربوط به سازمان‌های ورزشی دولتی در کشور بوده و قابل تعمیم به سایر سازمان‌ها نیست.
پیامدهای عملی: یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند با ارائه چارچوبی منسجم از عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت مطلوب سازمان‌های ورزشی با رویکرد شایسته‌سالاری، عملاً راه را برای موفقیت و دستیابی به اهداف در این سازمان‌ها هموار کند. رشد و موفقیت سازمان‌های ورزشی کشور بی‌شک به اعتلای ورزش کشور در همه جوانب منجر خواهد شد.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: موضوع پژوهش تاکنون در کشور مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است و این پژوهش برای اولین بار در سازمان‌های ورزشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimal Management of Sports Organizations with a Meritocratic Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid yarmohammadi Monfaared 1
  • Abbas Naghizadeh-Baghi 2
  • Mehrdad Moharramzadeh 3
  • Nasrin Azizian-Kohan 2

1 Ph.D Student in Sports Management, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Sports Management Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil, Iran

3 . Professor of Sports Management Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Undoubtedly, the sustainable and all-round development of organizations depends on the presence of a competent management team at the head of those organizations. The governance of meritocracy in administrative institutions causes many transformations and changes and, as a result, promotes human capital and the development of countries. Establishing a meritocracy system in organizations can lead to ensuring social justice, increasing motivation, dynamism, creativity, innovation, and mobility of managers, reducing administrative and financial corruption, increasing organizational productivity and optimal use of departmental budgets, and developing human capital. The meritocracy approach is one of the most effective and efficient approaches to creating group cohesion in the organization. By using this approach, the organization can take steps as a coherent system to advance its anticipated goals. Also, the meritocracy approach aimed at employing competent forces seeks to ensure that high-level managers of sports organizations have the necessary expertise, ability, and competencies to prevent corruption, various abuses, and waste of resources while increasing productivity in these organizations. Therefore, it is very important to employ people in suitable positions with their abilities, especially in sports organizations that have their conditions in the form of a meritocracy system. Examining the current conditions in the sports field of the country shows that there are many problems and obstacles in the management of sports organizations and the proper management of human resources. The absence of specific rules and framework in the employment of sports managers, political work and game politics in sports, unnecessary administrative bureaucracy, instability in managerial positions with the transfer of governments, lack of performance clarification, lack of meritocracy culture in sports, downplaying the issue of sports, lack of sportsmanship of high-ranking managers of organizations sports, etc. can be considered among the challenges in the path of meritocracy in sports organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to investigate the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach.
Design/ methodology/ approach: The research method is of a qualitative type, which is considered practical in terms of its purpose, and it is an exploratory type of research in which a thematic analysis method is used. The research community was formed by the senior managers of sports organizations and faculty members of the sports management field of the country's universities. A non-probability targeted sampling method was used to select the interviewees. The research sample included 21 senior managers of sports organizations and sports management professors in the country. To collect data, a semi-structured interview with experts was used, which continued until theoretical saturation. MAXQDA20 software was used to analyze the interviews. Also, in the current research, the method of agreement between coders and determination of the Feliss Cappa coefficient were used to calculate reliability. Finally, the Feliss Cappa is 0/70. It was found that there is good agreement between the coders.
Research Findings: Based on the findings of the research, the effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach, including 132 open codes, were obtained, which were placed in 16 subcategories. From the obtained subcategories, 7 core categories were obtained, which include: individual factors (general competencies, intellectual competencies, belief competencies, political competencies, scientific-specialist competencies, management competencies, communication competencies, economic competencies), political factors, economic factors (economic conditions), legal factors (legislation, rule of law), social factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors.
Limitations & Consequences: Unfortunately, it was observed that part of the research community was not at the head of sports organizations based on meritocracy. Also, the findings of this research were only related to sports organizations and cannot be generalized to other organizations.
Practical Consequences: The findings of this research can practically pave the way for success and achieving goals in these organizations by providing a coherent framework of effective factors on the optimal management of sports organizations with a meritocracy approach. The growth and success of the country's sports organizations will undoubtedly lead to the elevation of the country's sports in all aspects.
Innovation or value of the Article: The subject of the research has not been studied in the country so far, and this research was investigated for the first time in sports organizations.
Paper Type: Original Paper

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Optimal management
  • meritocracy
  • sports organizations
  • competenc
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