چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

ارائه مدل معادلات ساختاری سیاستگذاری سبز در حمل و نقل هوایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، مدیریت دولتی،دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران .

3 دانشیار مدیریت صنعتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب، تهران، ایران.

10.52547/jpap.2023.229769.1243

چکیده

هدف: صنعت حمل و نقل بیشترین رشد را در تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای دارا است و کاهش سهم آلاینده‌های تولید شده توسط این صنعت از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های برنامه‌های مقابله با تغییرات اقلیمی است. حمل و نقل هوایی به عنوان یکی از بخش‌های مهم و رو به توسعه در حمل و نقل جهانی، نقش مهمی در رشد اقتصادی بازی می‌کند. اما امروزه در این صنعت که با تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای تاثیر زیادی بر تغییرات آب و هوایی می‌گذارد، به خط‌مشی‌ها و پژوهش‌های مرتبط با آن، در جهت کاهش تاثیرات حمل و نقل هوایی بر آب و هوا، توجه بسیاری شده است. بهبود عملکرد محیط‍‌ زیستی صنعت هواپیمایی یکی از مسائل مهم این صنعت است. در ایران توجه به مسائل محیط‌زیستی در حمل و نقل هوایی به تازگی مورد نظر پژوهشگران و مدیران قرار گرفته است؛ با توجه به خلاء پژوهشی در این حوزه، تاکنون الگوی مشخصی شامل ابعاد و مولفه‌های خط‌مشی محیط‍‌ زیستی، در صنعت حمل و نقل هوایی ارائه نشده است. بخش بزرگی از مسائلی که نتیجه عدم توجه به محیط زیست در حمل و نقل هوایی کشورمان بوده محصول نگاه بخشی و فقدان الگوی جامعی است که تمام ابعاد و مولفه‌های محیط‍‌ زیستی در آن در نظر گرفته شده باشد و سیاستگذار با توجه به این الگو بتواند ضمن توسعه، پاسخگوی خواست رو به تزاید توجه به محیط زیست در سطح ملی و بین المللی باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل معادلات ساختاری سیاستگذاری سبز در حمل و نقل هوایی انجام شده است.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، اکتشافی-کاربردی و از نظر طرح اکتشافی متوالی، از نظر نوع، آمیخته (کیفی، کمی) و از نظر روش توصیفی-پیمایشی است. این پژوهش از نظر زمانی متوالی بوده و از منظر وزن نیز بیشتر متوجه مرحله اول است. جامعه آماری در بخش کیفی شامل 14 نفر از متخصصین حمل و نقل هوایی و محققین تغییرات اقلیمی است. جامعه آماری در بخش کمی شامل کارشناسان و مدیران سازمان هواپیمایی کشوری به عنوان سیاستگذار اصلی صنعت حمل و نقل هوایی و به تعداد 331 نفر و حجم نمونه 178 نفر است. نمونه‌گیری در بخش کیفی به روش هدفمند و در بخش کمی به روش تصادفی ساده انجام شد. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها در بخش کیفی مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته است که تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و با استفاده از تحلیل مضمون براون و کلارک، تحلیل شدکه در قالب شش مرحلۀ آشنایی با داده‌ها، شکل‌گیری کدهای اولیه، جست‌و‌جوی کدهای گزینشی، شکل‌گیری مضامین فرعی، اسم گذاری مضامین اصلی و گزارش‌گیری انجام و مدل اولیه با استفاده از مدل سه شاخگی تهیه شد. مدل در بخش کمی، با استفاده از پرسشنامه و استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزئی و نرم‌افزار اسمارت پی ال اس بررسی شد.
یافته‌­های پژوهش: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد سیاستگذاری سبز در حمل و نقل هوایی 4 بعد اصلی و 14 مولفه دارد. بعد ساختاری (889/0) بیشترین اهمیت را داراست، بعد زمینه‌ای (865/0) ، بعد محتوایی (756/0) و بعد محیط زیستی (466/0) در جایگاه بعدی قرار دارند. معیار نیکویی برازش مدل مفهومی تحقیق (662/0) نشان دهنده برازش قوی مدل است. به منظور خط‌مشی گذاری سبز در صنعت حمل و نقل هوایی بهتر است به ترتیب به ابعاد ساختاری، زمینه‌ای، محتوایی و محیط زیستی توجه شود.
محدودیت‌­ها و پیامدها: اگر تحقیق در شرکت‌های هواپیمایی انجام شود ممکن است نتایج دیگری به دست آید، شرکت‌های هواپیمایی به مباحث اقتصادی بیشتر اهمیت می‌دهند و نزد ایشان مسائل محیط زیستی از درجه چندم اهمیت برخوردار است.
پیامدهای عملی: پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند به عنوان راهنمایی کاربردی برای توجه سیاستگذاران به ابعاد مختلف مسائل محیط زیستی در راستای توسعه پایدار عمل کند.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: پژوهش حاضر اولین تحقیقی است که مدل سیاستگذاری سبز در حمل و نقل هوایی را در ایران ارائه کرده و به شکل منسجم در اختیار سیاستگذاران این صنعت قرار می‌دهد.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting the Structural Equation Model of Green Policy in Aviation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Changizi 1
  • hasan givarian 2
  • Gholamreza Hashemzadeh Khorasgani 3

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Public Administration, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The transportation industry has the largest growth in the production of greenhouse gases, and reducing the share of pollutants produced by this industry is one of the most important challenges of climate change programs. As one of the most important and developing sectors in global transportation, air transportation plays an important role in economic growth, but this industry also has a great impact on climate change by producing greenhouse gases. Nowadays, much attention is paid to policies, and studies related to them have been done in order to reduce the effects of air transportation on weather. Improving the environmental performance of the aviation industry is one of the important issues of this industry. In Iran, attention to environmental issues in air transportation has recently been considered by researchers and managers. Due to the lack of research in this field, until now a specific model including the dimensions and components of the environmental policy has not been presented in the air transport industry. It is a partial view and the lack of a comprehensive model in which all environmental dimensions and components are taken into account, and the policy maker can respond to the growing demand for attention to the environment at the national and international level while developing. The present study has been conducted with the aim of presenting the structural equation model of green policy in air transportation.
Design/ methodology/ approach: This research is exploratory-applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of sequential exploratory design, in terms of type, it is mixed (qualitative, quantitative), and in terms of descriptive-survey method. This research is sequential in terms of time, and in terms of weight, it is more towards the first stage. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 14 air transportation experts and climate change researchers. The statistical population in the quantitative part includes experts and managers of the civil aviation organization as the main policymakers of the air transport industry, with a number of 331 people and a sample size of 178 people. Sampling was done in the qualitative part by a targeted method and in the quantitative part by a simple random method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached and was analyzed using Brown and Clark's theme analysis, in the form of six stages of getting to know the data, forming primary codes, searching for selective codes, and forming themes. Secondary, naming the main themes, and reporting were done, and the initial model was prepared using the three-pronged model. The model was examined in the quantitative part using a questionnaire and the partial least squares method and SmartPLS software. In order to make a green policy in the aviation industry, it is better to pay attention to the structural, contextual, content, and environmental dimensions, respectively.
Research Findings: The findings show that green policymaking in aviation has 4 main dimensions and 14 components. The structural dimension (0.889) is the most important; the contextual dimension (0.865), the content dimension (0.756), and the environmental dimension (0.466) are in the next position. The goodness of fit criterion of the research conceptual model (0.662) shows a strong fit of the model. In order to make a green policy in the aviation industry, it is better to pay attention to the structural, contextual, content, and environmental dimensions, respectively.
Limitations & Consequences: If research is done in airlines, other results may be obtained; airlines pay more attention to economic issues, and environmental issues are of secondary importance.
Practical Consequences: The current research can serve as a practical guide for policymakers to pay attention to various dimensions of environmental issues in the direction of sustainable development.
Innovation or value of the Article: For the first time, this research presents the green policy model in aviation in Iran and makes it available to this industry.
Paper Type: Original Paper
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public Policy
  • Environment
  • Structural Equation Model
  • Aviation
  1. Abbaszadeh, M. Banifatemeh, H, Alizadeh Aghdam, M, Alavi, L (2016). "Study of Intervening Effect of Environmental Responsible Attitude on the Relationship of between Place Attachment and Environmental Responsible Behavior". Journal of Applied Sociology, 27(62), 61-80 (In Persian)
  2. Abbaszadeh Karamjavan, Sajad, Abbaszadeh, Nosratollah, (2020), "Economic Assessment of Carbon Tax policy: Applied Computable General Equilibrium Model". Quarterly Journal of Energy Policy and Planning Research, 6 (1), 7-37 (In Persian)
  3. Abdollahi, Mohsen, Rezvanifar, Mohammad Mahdi (2012). Iran’s Legal System and the Issue of Environmental Policymaking, The Scientific Journal of Strategy, 21(3), 221-248 (In Persian)
  4. Abedini, I., zare, B., Habibpour, K. (2021). "Providing a structural model of environmental citizenship based on Urbanity and cultural capital among the citizens of Tabriz". Journal of Economic & Developmental Sociology, 10(2), 65-89. (In Persian)
  5. Anderson, J. E. (2011). "Public policy makings: An introduction". publisher: Houghton Mifflin company; Edition.
  6. Annex 16 (2017) — Environmental Protection Volume III — Aeroplane CO2 Emissions. First addition
  7. Arbolinoa, Roberta, Carluccib, Fabio, Simonea, Luisa De, Ioppoloc, Giuseppe, Yigitcanlar, Tan (2018), "The policy diffusion of environmental performance in the European countries", Ecological Indicators, 89, 130–138
  8. Aslipour, Hossein, Zahedi, ShamsoSadat, Sharifzadeh, Fattah, Qorbanizadeh, Vajhollah (2014), "Explanation of Indigenized Model for Environmental Policy Formulation in Iran", Using Grounded Theory, Strategic Management Thought, 8 (1), 41-66 (In Persian)
  9. Aslipour, Hosein, (2020), "Identifying Public Policy Dichotomies in the Field of Environment", Public Policy, 7(1), 129-155 (In Persian)
  10. Bagheri, S. (2022). Analysing the CO2 Emission Function in Iran. Environment and Interdisciplinary Development, 7(76), 53-64 (In Persian)
  11. Bashiri OSkouei, Fariba, Shobeiri, Seyed Mohammad, Ansarirad, Parviz, Kazemipour, Shahla (2015), "The Role of In-service Training in Promoting Environmental Knowledge of Elementary School Teachers in Tehran", Journal of curriculum studies, 10 (38), 135-158 (In Persian)
  12. Baxter, Glenn, Srisaeng, Panarat, Wild, Graham (2020), "The Use of Aviation Biofuels as an Airport Environmental Sustainability Measure: The Case of Oslo Gardermoen Airport", Magazine of Aviation Development, 8 (1), 6-17
  13. Bohloli, Hamid, malek afzali, sheyda, (2019), "Policy analysis of Urban Air Pollution Reduction in Iran in the Scope of Political Ecology", Public Policy, 5(3), 9-43 (In Persian)
  14. Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006), “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol. 3, No. 2, Pp. 77-101.
  15. Birkland, Thomas (2014), "An Introduction to the Policy Process". 3re ed. Armonk, NY: M, E, Sharpe
  16. Cao (2019), Strategic plan of air transportation industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran (In Persian)
  17. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson College Division.
  18. Deleon, Peter (2006), "The Historical Roots of the field, In The oxford Handbook of public policy", ed. Michael Moran, Martin Rein, and Robert E. Goodin, New York oxford University Press
  19. Dye, Thomas R. (1972) "Understanding Public Policy", Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall)
  20. 20- golshan tafti, O., mirfakhrediny, S. H., Andalib Ardakani, D., & zare ahmadabadi, H. (2021). Causal model design and analysis of environmental criteria in the steel industry with fuzzy cognitive mapping approach (FCM). Modern Research in Decision Making, 6(1), 124-146
  21. Grewe, Volker, Gangoli Rao,Arvind, Gronstedt, Tomas, Xisto, Carlos, etc (2021), "Evaluating the climate impact of aviation emission scenarios towards the Paris agreement including COVID-19 effects, Nature Communications, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24091-y
  22. Hajihashemi Esfarjani, Z., Alwani, S., Akhavan Alavi, H., Danaei Fard, H. (2021). "Exploring the causes of policy making conflicts in the Environment and the Industry domains in Iran". Public Policy, 6( 4), 89-109 (In Persian)
  23. Hosseini, Seyed Hossein, Daneshfard, Karam Allah, Memarzadeh Tehran, Gholam-Reza , Bahmanpour, Hooman,(2021) "Evaluation and Fitting of General Environmental Policy Making Model in Iran", Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22,( 12), 1-15 (In Persian)
  24. ICAO (2022), REPORT OF THE HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON THE FEASIBILITY OF A LONG-TERM ASPIRATIONAL GOAL FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, https://www.icao.int/Meetings/HLM-LTAG/Documents/ICAO_Doc_10178-HLM_LTAG_Report.pdf
  25. Imani, Abdul Majid, Yaghoubi, Noor Mohammad, Amidi, Fatemeh Sadat, Ahang, Farahnaz (2021), " Structural Equation Modeling for Dimensions and Components of Green Human Resource Management of Firms Located in Birjand Industrial Town", Transformation Management Journal, 12( 24), 131-160 (In Persian)
  26. Jahangard, E, Banoe, A, Barkhordari, S ,Amadeh, H, ,doudabi nezhad, A (2019), "Comparison of Economic Effects of Carbon Taxes and Energy Taxes on Iran's Economy: A Computable General Equilibrium approach", Iranian Energy Economies,. 8(30), 61-92 (In Persian)
  27. Kallbekken, Steffen, Victor, David G (2022), A cleaner future for flight — aviation needs a radical redesign. Nature, 609, 673-675
  28. Korir, J., Maru, L., Kipruto, N., Koske,i D., )2017). Effects of Network Structure on Performance of Minor Event Management Ventures in Kenya, European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6), 34-45.
  29. Lynes, Jennifer K, Dredge, Dianne (2006), Going Green: Motivations for Environmental Commitment in the Airline Industry. A Case Study of Scandinavian Airlines, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(2), 116-138
  30. Maleki zad, F., Mirzahosseini, A., & Moattar, F. (2019). Air Quality Assessment around Mehrabad Airport. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(5), 95-107 (In Persian)
  31. Mamivand, B., Amini sabeq, Z., Sadeh, E., Khalaj, M. (2019). Study and presenting the model of environmental policy implementation using baseline data theory. Majlis and Rahbord, 26(98), 71-95. (In Persian)
  32. Mirzaei Aharanjani, Hassan, Sarlak, Mohammad Ali, (2005), "A Look at Organizational Epistemology: Evolution, Schools, and Management Applications", Peike Nour, 3(3). 69-78 (In Persian)
  33. Najafi Zadeh, Mohammad Mohsen, Zahedi, Syyed Mohammad (2016), "Pathology of Employees Performance Management System at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences by Using three-dimensional", Journal of Development Evolution Management, 25( 25), 59-69 (In Persian)
  34. 34- Pavithradevi, V., and Sandhya, R.C., (2016), Green HR: Does Its Performance Match with the Value Perceived by the Employees? International Journal of Business & Management, 4(3), 312-314.
  35. PourAsghar Sangachin, F. (2019). Environmental Policy Making. Environmental Encyclopedia, 1(1), 1-4. (In Persian)
  36. Qiu, Rui, Hou, Shuhua, Chen, Xin, Meng, Zhiyi (2021), Green aviation industry sustainable development towards an integrated support system, Business Strategy and the Environment, 26 (5), 2441-2452
  37. Saghaei, Mohsen (2021), "The analysis of the iran s air transportation problems (case study: Mehrabad International Airport), researches in Geographical Sciences", 21 (60). 279-296 (In Persian)
  38. Shafritz, J; Christopher, p. Broick (2008), "Introducing Public Policy"; Longman, New York.
  39. Shoeb, Ahmad, )2015(, Green Human resource management: Policies and practices, Cogent, Business & Management
  40. 40-Sparkman, Gregg; Lee, Nathan R & Macdonald, Bobbie N.J. (2020). Discounting Environmental Policy:The Effects of Psychological Distance Over Time and Space. Journal of Environmental Psychology. Volume 73, February 2021, 101529
  41. 41-Sorrell, S., Lehtonen, M., Stapleton, L., Pujol, J., & Champion, T. (2009). Decomposing road freight energy use in the United Kingdom. Energy Policy, 37(8):3115-3129
  42. Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A. Guagnano, G. A. & Kalof, L. (1999). "A value belief-norm theory of support for social movments: The case of environmentalism", Human Ecology Review, 6 (2), 81-97
  43. Tellez, Javier Andres Calderon, Herrera, Milton M, (2021), "Appraising the impact of air transport on the environment: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, Transportation Research interdisciplinary perspective", 10( 2), 171-181
  44. Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S., Esposito Vinzi, V. ,(2004), A global goodness-offit index for PLS structural equation modeling, Proceedings of the XLII SIS Scientific Meeting, Vol. Contributed Papers, CLEUP, Padova, pp. 739–742.
  45. Van Der Mee Mendes, Daniel (2021), "CO2 emissions reduction through creating a more sustainable airline's network operation for Europe, International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 7 (2), 123 – 136
  46. Vesterager, J.P.; Frederiksen, P.; Kristensen, S.B.P.; Vadineanu, A.; Gaube, V.; Geamana, N.A.; Pavlis, V.; Terkenli, T.S.; Bucur, M.M.; Sluis, T. van der; Busck, A.G. (2016). "Dynamics in national agri-environmental policy implementation under changing EU policy priorities: Does one size fit all? ", Land Use Policy, 57(30) November 2016, 764-776
  47. Wilson, Sara (10 May 2022), Just one of 50 aviation industry climate targets met, study finds, theguardian, www.theguardian.com
  48. Wu, W., An, S., Wu, C. H., Tsai, S. B., & Yang, K. (2020). An empirical study on green environmental system certification affects financing cost of high energy consumption enterprises-taking metallurgical enterprises as an example. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118848
  49. Yang, W., Li, T., & Cao, X. (2015). Examining the impacts of socio-economic factors, urban form and transportation development on CO2 emissions from transportation in China: A panel data analysis of China's provinces. Habitat International, 49:212-220
  50. Yang, L., Fang, X. and Zhu, J., 2022. Citizen Environmental Behavior from the Perspective of Psychological Distance Based on a Visual Analysis of Bibliometrics and Scientific Knowledge Mapping. Front. Psychol. 12, 766907. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.766907
چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 58
تیر 1403
صفحه 38-62