Public Administration Perspective

Designing a Native Methodology for Experts’ Organizational Knowledge Acquisition Using Semantic Cognitive Maps

Document Type : Research Article (with quantitative approaches)

Authors

1 Faculty of Management and Strategic Planning, Comprehensive Imam Hussein University

2 Researcher of Knowledge and Research Center, Comprehensive Imam Hussein University

Abstract

Today, the process of using knowledge resources that can guarantee the survival of organizations in the competitive world is a very important issue; therefore, the way of acquiring and representing the knowledge of experts to reuse them has always been the attention of researchers. Since most of the proposed acquisition models have been in the field of expert systems, in this paper, with the creation of an innovation, a cognitive mapping technique is used to design the native model of knowledge acquisition of the experts and the iThoughts software is used to model the map. The method seeks to minimize the views and interventions of the researcher in the interpretation of the constructs created in qualitative research (in which the viewers are concerned). For gathering information, the experts' meetings and the Focus Group (Attended by eight experts from the field of knowledge acquisition (Research and operational)) were used. In this way, with the discussion of theoretical literature and practical experience, the central concepts and its subsets were extracted. According to the research findings, the native acquisition model of knowledge consists of six essential sections: 1) Identify required knowledge, 2) Preparing an expert, 3) Preparing the Knowledge Engineering Team, 4) Knowledge category classification, 5) Choice of technique and tool and 6) Actions related to the continuation of knowledge management process.

Keywords

  1. • ابطحی، سید حسین، امیرحسین یاوری بافقی (1392)، بهروز یاوری بافقی. تحلیل و مستندسازی اکتساب دانش سازمانی (مطالعه موردی: ستاد مبارزه با مواد مخدر) فصلنامة پژوهشهای انتظام اجتماعی، سال پنجم، شماره اول.
  2. • اخوان، پیمان و دهقانی، مریم(1396). بررسی تاثیر ویژگی شخصیت افراد بر فرآیند اکتساب دانش خبرگان (مطالعه موردی: خبرگان حوزه صنعت برق). مجلّه علمی پژوهشی شریف: مهندسی صنایع و مدیریت. انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 29 اسفند 1396. شناسه دیجیتال(DOI): 10.24200/j65.2018.5498
  3. • اخوان، پیمان و شهابی‌پور، علی(1394). توسعه فرایند اکتساب و انتشار دانص ضمنی و مستندسازی تجارب به منظور آموزش و توانمندسازی سازمانی. فصلنامه رشد فنّاوری، سال دوازدهم، شماره 45. صص 45-58.
  4. • افرازه، عباس(1384). مدیریت دانش، مفاهیم، مدل‌ها، اندازه‌گیری و پیاده‌سازی. چاپ اول. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر.
  5. • تولایی، روح الله و صبّاغی، زهرا(1394). طراحی الگوی مفهومی توسعه مدیریت جهادی با استفاده از ترکیب روش سیستم‌های نرم و نگاشت شناختی. نشریه علمی – پژوهشی بهبود مدیریت. سال نهم، شماره 2، پیاپی 28، صص 121- 145.
  6. • تولایی، روح الله و محمّدزاده علمداری، مهرداد(1396). فنون و ابزارهای روش تحقیق در مدیریت. انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی واحد صنعتی امیرکبیر. تهران.
  7. • ضرغامی‌فرد، مژگان و آذر، عادل(1392). تحلیلی بر شیوه نگاشت شناختی در ساختاربندی داده‌های کیفی مطالعات سازمانی. فصلنامه مطالعات رفتار سازمانی. سال سوم، شماره 1و 2(پیاپی 8 و 9). صص 159- 185.
  8. • مرادیان، فیض‌الله(1390). روش‌شناسی کیو. کتاب ماه علوم اجتماعی. شماره 37.
  9. • نظافتی، نوید، رشیدی، مهسا و تقوی فرد، محمدتقی(1392) مقایسه تکنیک‌های استخراج دانش و ارائه یک متدولوژی ساخت یافته به منظور مستندسازی دانش. چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی. شماره 14 تابستان 1392. صص 63-86.
  10. • Adeli, H. (1990). Knowledge Engineering, McGraw Hill.
  11. • Akhavan, Peyman and Pezeshkan, Amir (2014). Knowledge management critical failure factors: A multi-case study. Vine(Emerald). No. 44, Issue 1.
  12. • Anagnostakisa, D., Ritchiea, J., Lima, T., Sivanathana, A., Dewarb, R., Sungb, R., Boschea, F., Carozzaa, L. (2016). Knowledge capture in CMM inspection planning: barriers and challenges. Procedia CIRP 52, pp. 216 – 221.
  13. • Alton Chua and Wing Lam (2005). Why KM projects fail: a multi-case analysis. Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol. 9 No. 3 2005, pp. 6-17.
  14. • Arruda, Henrique F. de., Silva, Filipi N., Costa, Luciano da F. and Amancio, Diego R. (2017). Knowledge Acquisition: A Complex Networks Approach. Information Sciences. doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2017.08.091
  15. • Blosch, Marcus (2000). The New Knowledge Management Supermodel: How process maps trigger knowledge transfer. Knowledge Management Review. Issue 8 May/June 1999.
  16. • Buzan, T. (1993). The Mind Map Book. BBC Books, London.
  17. • Chrysafia, Anna., Copeb, Jason M., Kuparinenc, Anna (2017). Eliciting expert knowledge to inform stock status for data-limited stock assessments. Marine Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.012
  18. • Cooke, J.N. (2005). Knowledge elicitation, Chapter submitted to Handbook of Applied Cognition.
  19. • Cooper, D.R., Schindler, P.S. (2006). Business Research Methods. McGraw- Hill/Irwin, New York.
  20. • Dalkir, K. (2005). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. Elsevier Publication.
  21. • Davenport, T. H., Prusak, L. (1998) Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
  22. • Davenport, T. H., Lurance, P. (2000). Working Knowledge how organization manage what they know, Harvard Business School, USA.
  23. • Delugach, Harry S., Etzkorn, Letha H., Carpenter, Sandra and Utley, Dawn (2016). A Knowledge Capture Approach for Directly Acquiring Team Mental Models. Journal of Human Computer Studies, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.07.001
  24. • Durkin. J. (1994). Expert Systems: Design and Development, 1rd edition, Macmillan Publishing Compan.
  25. • Dzekashu, William G. and McCollum, Walter R. (2014). A Quality Approach to Tacit Knowledge Capture: Effective Practice to Achieving Operational Excellence. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology. Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 52–63.
  26. • Eric, C., Okafor. C. C. (2006) The Underlying Issues in Knowledge Elicitaion. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information and Management. 1., 95-108.
  27. • Fisher, E. (2011). What practitioners consider to be the skills and behaviors of an effective people project manager. Int. J. Proj. Manag. 29, 994–1002.
  28. • Gaines, Brian R. (2013). Knowledge Acquisition: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. Volume 71, Issue 2, pp. 135-156.
  29. • Haase, Tina., Termath, Wilhelm, Martsch, Marcel (2013). How to Save Expert Knowledge for the Organization: Methods for Collecting and Documenting Expert Knowledge Using Virtual Reality Based Learning Environments. Procedia Computer Science, No. 25, pp. 236– 246.
  30. • Hamdan, A., & Alsaiyd N. (2010). A Framework for Expert Knowledge Acquisition, International .Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10 (11).
  31. • Heathfield, Susan M. (2017). Job Shadowing Is Effective On-the-Job Training. Updated December 21, 2017. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/job-shadowing-is-effective-on-the-job-training-1919285
  32. • Heisig. P. (2009) Harmonization of knowledge management comparing 160 KM frameworks round the globe. Journal of knowledge management. 4., 4 31.
  33. • Hoffman, R.R., Lintern, G. (2006). Eliciting and representing the knowledge of experts. In Ericsson, K. A., Charness, N., Feltovich, P., & Hoffman, R. (Eds.). Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 203-222). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  34. • Hoffman, R., Shadbolt, N. R., Burton, A. M., & Klein G. (1995). Eliciting Knowledge from Experts: A Methodological Analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62, 129-158.
  35. • Hoarau, Hindertje (2014). Knowledge Acquisition and Assimilation in Tourism Innovation Processes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 14:2, 135-151.
  36. • Hua, J. (2008), "Study on Knowledge Acquisition Techniques". Second International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application.
  37. • Jafari, Mostafa, Akhavan, Peyman and Ashraf Mortezaei (2009), A review on knowledge management discipline, Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.1-23.
  38. • Jafari, Mostafa, Akhavan, Peyman and Akhtari, Maryam (2011), Exploration of Knowledge Acquisition Techniques in Tunnel Industry: The Case Study of Iran Tunnel Association. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 6, No. 8. Pp. 245-255.
  39. • Kidd. L. A, (1987). Knowledge acquisition for expert systems: A practical handbook. New York: Plenum.
  40. • Leonardi, Paul M. (2015). Ambient Awareness and Knowledge Acquisition: Using Social Media to Learn “Who Knows What” and “Who Knows Whom”. MIS Quarterly, No. 39, Issue. 4, pp. 747-762.
  41. • Leu, George and Abbass, Hussein (2016). A multi-disciplinary review of knowledge acquisition methods: From human to autonomous eliciting agents. Knowle dge-Based Systems. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2016.02.012
  42. • Merolli, Mark., Sanchez, Fernando Jose Martin and Gray, Kathleen (2014). Social Media and Online Survey: Tools for Knowledge Management in Health Research. Proceedings of the Seventh Australasian Workshop on Health Informatics and Knowledge Management (HIKM 2014), Auckland, New Zealand.
  43. • Milton, N. R. (2003). Personal knowledge techniques. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
  44. • Milton, N. R. (2007). Knowledge Acquisition in Practice A Step-by-step Guide. Springer-Verlag London.
  45. • Milton, N. R. (2010). The Lessons Learned Handbook: Practical Approaches to Learning from Experience. Chandos Publishing, Cambridge. New Delhi.
  46. • Motta, E. (2013). 25 Years of Knowledge Acquisition. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 71(2), 131-134. doi: DOI 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.11.002,.
  47. • Mourtzis, D., Doukasa, M (2014). Knowledge capturing and reuse to support manufacturing of customized products: A case study from the mould making industry. 24th CIRP Design Conference. Procedia CIRP, pp.123– 128.
  48. • Qin, Hao., Wang, Hongwei and Johnson, Aylmer L (2017). A RFBSE model for capturing engineers’ useful knowledge and experience during the design process. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. No. 44, pp. 30-43.
  49. • Rugg, Gordon and McGeorge, Peter (2005). The sorting techniques: a tutorial paper on card sorts, picture sorts and item sorts. Expert Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2
  50. • Shu-hsein. L. (2002). "Problem solving and knowledge inrrita". Expert system with applications. 22, 291- 317.
  51. • Smith, P. (1996). "An introduction to knowledge engineering". London: International Thompson Computer Press.
  52. • Silbya, Alison and Watts, Mike (2015). Making the tacit explicit: children’s strategies for classroom writing. British Educational Research Journal. Vol. 41, No. 5, October 2015, pp. 801–819.
  53. • Subiksha (2012). Knowledge Models, current Knowledge Acquisition Techniques and Developments. The International Journal of Engineering and Science(IJES). Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp. 313-317.
Public Administration Perspective
Volume 9, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
2018
Pages 63-88