چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

قدرت تخصصی یا تبعیت سیاسی در بوروکراسی دولتی ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی (با رویکردهای کیفی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف این است که با توجه به بوروکراسی آرمانی وبر به عنوان چارچوبی جهت تطبیق، مشخص شود که قدرت­‌های سیاسی حاکم بر روند تصمیم­‌گیری­‌های سازمانی در بوروکراسی دولتی ایران تا چه اندازه با تخصص‌­گرایی و قدرت تکنوکراتیک الگوی بوروکراسی آرمانی وبر که بازتاب آرای اداری است؛ هم‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌خوانی دارد. با انجام فرآیند پژوهش می­‌توان به این مسئله پاسخ مناسبی داد که شکل کنونی جایگاه قدرت تخصصی در بوروکراسی دولتی ایران به مدل بوروکراسی‌‌ ایده‌آل وبر نزدیک‌تراست یا مدل سالا و ویژگی‌­های مرتبط با آن، که بازتاب آرای سیاسی است.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: داده­‌های این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی مبتنی بر تحلیل مضمون استقرایی، نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و مصاحبه نیمه­‌ساختاریافته با 10 نفر از صاحب‌نظران اجرا‌یی وزارت آموزش و پرورش گردآوری شد.
یافته‌­های پژوهش: مضامین سازمان‌دهنده شامل قدرت مبتنی بر سیاست، عدم پیروی از قوانین و دستورالعمل­‌های مستند شده، در نظر نگرفتن زیرساخت و امکانات موجود، برتری ملاحظات سیاسی بر تصمیمات، خویشاوندسالاری، بوروکراسی­‌های زائد اداری، ضعف پاسخگویی و مسئولیت‌­پذیری، سوابق کوتاه‌­مدت خدمت وزراء، مشخص نکردن اهداف، فرمالیزم، در نظر نگرفتن بوم­‌شناسی محیطی، وجود فساد اداری، وجود تصمیمات مقطعی، ضعف استفاده از تخصص و پذیرش متخصصان، ضعف در صلاحیت علمی و سوابق تصمیم­‌گیرندگان، ضعف مشارکت در تصمیمات، محدودیت نظام ارزیابی در تصمیمات، بی­‌ثباتی و عدم هماهنگی و ضعف در اجرای برنامه‌­ریزی است.
محدودیت‌ها و پیامدها: مدل نهایی توسط محقق ارائه شده است و نتایج حاصل از پژوهش ممکن است قابلیت تعمیم­‌پذیری در تمامی سازمان‌های بخش دولتی را نداشته باشد.
پیامدهای عملی: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد؛ بوروکراسی دولتی ایران در چارچوب بوروکراسی وبر و مدل سالا، از لحاظ قدرت تخصصی، گرایش بیشتری به مدل سالا دارد و تبعیت سیاسی نسبت به قدرت تخصصی در اولویت قرار می‌گیرد.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: درپژوهش‌های انجام شده در کشور تا کنون به صورت مشخص و خاص میزان پایبندی و التزام بوروکراسی دولتی ایران به ویژگی‌‌های ساختاری همچون تخصص‌گرایی و قدرت تکنوکراتیک مطرح شده در بوروکراسی آرمانی و ایده‌آل وبر به عنوان یک مبنا که راهکاری برای حل بسیاری از مسائل و مشکلات اداری است مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است.
نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Expertized Power or Political Allegiance in the State Bureaucracy of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aida Honarmandi chokami 1
  • Reza Vaezi 2
  • fattah sharifzadeh 3
  • habib alah roodsaz 4

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: The present study aimed to use Weber's ideal bureaucracy as a framework for adaptation, considering one of its structural features, namely specialization, which utilizes rationality, the expertise, scientific and expert calculations as the bases for decision-making instead of personal preferences and political tendencies, and consider the fact that administrative decisions are generally taken either as a result of political or administrative opinions (specialization) to determine to what extent the political powers, which govern the process of organizational decision-making in Iranian ministries and public agencies, or in a more general sense, in the Iranian state bureaucracy are compatible to the specialization and technocratic power of Weber's ideal bureaucracy model.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data of the present research were collected by a qualitative approach based on inductive thematic analysis, purposive snowball sampling, and semi-structured interviews with 10 executive experts of the Ministry of Education, and then they were coded and analyzed, and the network of extracted themes was drawn
Research Findings: There were 19 themes organized and identified in the study included policy-based power, non-compliance with documented laws and guidelines, disregard for existing infrastructures and facilities, the superiority of political considerations over decisions, nepotism, redundant bureaucracies, weakness of accountability, short-term records of ministerial service, failure to set goals, formalism, disregard for environmental ecology, corruption, periodic decisions, weakness in the use of expertise and acceptance of experts in decisions, weakness in scientific competence and background of decision-makers, poor participation in decisions, limited evaluation system in decisions, instability, lack of coordination, and weakness in the implementation of planning.
Limitations & Consequences: The final model is presented by the researcher and the results of the research may not be generalizable in all public sector organizations.
Practical Consequences: The results of the research show that in the government bureaucracy of Iran, in the framework of Weber and Sala model bureaucracy, specialized power is more inclined to sala model and political obedience is a priority.
Innovation or value of the Article: In the researches conducted in the country so far, the degree of adherence and commitment of the Iranian government bureaucracy to structural features such as specialization and technocratic power proposed in Weber's ideal bureaucracy as a basis for solving many problems and administrative problems have not been investigated




Paper Type: Research Article

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Weber's bureaucracy
  • Specialization
  • Prismatic society
  • Sala model
  • Thematic analysis
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چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53
1402
صفحه 33-57