چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی

شناسایی عوامل و مولفه های موثر بر حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی (با رویکردهای کیفی)

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین علیه سلام، تهران و ایران

2 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین علیه سلام، تهران، ایران

3 گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: در زمینه‌ی حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی، چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های بی‌شماری پدید آمده‌اند که نیازمند بررسی دقیق و جامعی هستند. افزایش فناوری‌های نو، تغییر نیازهای جامعه و تنوع فزاینده‌ی خدمات حقوقی فشارهایی را بر سیستم‌های سنتی حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی وارد کرده‌اند. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی، تحلیل و ارزیابی جامع عوامل و مولفه‌های کلیدی مؤثر بر حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی به منظور ارائه پیشنهاداتی برای بهبود و ارتقاء کارایی و اثربخشی این نظام‌ها در پاسخ به چالش‌های معاصر و فرصت‌های پیش رو است. این پژوهش تلاش می­‌کند فهم عمیق‌تری از پیچیدگی‌های حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری در این بازار ارائه کند و راهکارهای عملی برای بهبود دسترسی به خدمات حقوقی مؤثر، شفاف و مقرون‌به‌صرفه ارائه دهد.
طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: روش استفاده شده در پژوهش حاضر روش فراترکیب است. به منظور استفاده از روش فراترکیب شیوه‌های مختلفی ارائه شده است. برای تحقق اهداف این پژوهش از روش هفت مرحله­ای سندلوسکی و باروسو استفاده شد. پس از مطالعات اولیه کتابخانه­ای از 364 پژوهش انجام شده و انتخاب 37 پژوهش منتخب طی سال­های 2000 تا 2023 نسبت به شناسایی عوامل و مولفه­های موثر بر حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی اقدام شد. پس از چندین دور بازخوانی و بازبینی داده‌های کدگذاری‌شده برای پالایش و بهبود مجموعه مضامین تعداد 269 مشخصه شناسایی گردید. در مرحله بعد به تحلیل، ترکیب و تلفیق کدهای به‌دست آمده از مرحله قبل در قالب مفاهیم پرداخته شد و کدهای شناسایی شده بر اساس میزان تشابه مفهومی دسته‌بندی و ترکیب شدند. در این مرحله کدهای استخراج شده در قالب 26 مفهوم و مفاهیم شناسایی شده در سطح بالاتری در قالب 7 مولفه و عامل کلیدی طبقه­بندی شدند.
یافته‌­های پژوهش:  یافته­‌های به‌دست آمده از پژوهش نشان می­دهد عوامل قوانین و مقررات، استانداردهای حرفه‌ای، کیفیت نهادهای تنظیم‌گری، آموزش و توسعه حرفه‌ای، رقابت و بازار، فناوری و نوآوری و اصول اخلاقی مولفه‌­های تاثیرگذار بر حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری بازار خدمات حقوقی است که در پژوهش‌­ها از منظرهای مختلف جهت ارزیابی و بهبود نظام‌های حکمرانی بازار خدمات حقوقی و حرفه وکالت مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. با توجه به عوامل شناسایی شده یکپارچه‌­سازی و تدوین قوانین و مقررات جامع در حوزه خدمات حقوقی و تفکیک کارکردهای تنظیم‌گری و صنفی نهادهای تنظیم‌گری جهت جلوگیری از بروز تعارض منافع توسط سیاستگذاران و قانون‌گذاران و نیز استانداردگذاری بهترین شیوه‌­های حرفه­ای در تمام جنبه‌­های حرفه وکالت و خدمات حقوقی، آموزش مستمر فعالان بازار خدمات حقوقی مانند وکلا و مشاوران، جلوگیری از بروز انحصار و تضمین رقابت سالم، توجه به نوآوری­ها در عرصه فناوری­‌های حقوقی و ارائه و حفظ استانداردهای اخلاقی توسط نهادهای تنظیم‌گری موجب ارتقاء کارایی و بهبود نظام حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری در بازار خدمات حقوقی می­‌شود.
محدودیت­‌ها و پیامدها: دسترسی به اطلاعات، تنوع سیستم‌های حقوقی و تنظیم‌گری، تغییرات مداوم قوانین و مقررات و محدودیت‌های مرتبط با تعمیم نتایج به سایر محیط‌ها و بازارها، به ویژه با توجه به تنوع گسترده‌ی قانونی و فرهنگی از جمله محدودیت­‌های پژوهش به حساب می‌­آیند.
پیامدهای عملی: این پژوهش می‌تواند پیامدهای عملی مهم و متنوعی داشته باشد که به بهبود عملکرد و کارایی بازار خدمات حقوقی کمک می‌کند. این پیامدها شامل موارد زیر است:

تدوین سیاست‌های مؤثرتر: نتایج پژوهش می‌تواند به دولت‌ها و نهادهای تنظیم‌گری کمک کند تا سیاست‌ها و مقرراتی را تدوین کنند که به طور موثرتری به چالش‌های موجود در بازار خدمات حقوقی پاسخ دهند.
افزایش شفافیت: شناسایی عوامل موثر می‌تواند به افزایش شفافیت در نحوه عملکرد نهادهای تنظیم‌گری و ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات کمک کند، که این امر اعتماد عمومی را تقویت می‌کند.
بهبود دسترسی به خدمات حقوقی: این پژوهش می‌تواند در شناسایی موانع دسترسی به خدمات حقوقی و ارائه راهکارهایی برای رفع این موانع نقش داشته باشد.
تقویت همکاری بین ذی‌نفعان: پژوهش می‌تواند زمینه‌های مشترک بین دولت، ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات، مصرف‌کنندگان، و سایر ذی‌نفعان را شناسایی کرده و به تقویت همکاری و هماهنگی بین آن‌ها کمک کند.
افزایش پایداری و انعطاف‌پذیری: شناسایی عوامل و مولفه‌های موثر می‌تواند به بازار خدمات حقوقی کمک کند تا در برابر تغییرات سریع اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فناورانه انعطاف‌پذیر و پایدار باشد.

در مجموع، پژوهش در این حوزه می‌تواند منجر به ارتقاء عملکرد کلی بازار خدمات حقوقی شود، به طوری که منافع همه ذی‌نفعان به بهترین شکل ممکن تأمین شود.
ابتکار یا ارزش مقاله: این پژوهش با اتخاذ یک رویکرد چندبُعدی و چندرشته‌ای، نوآوری داشته و به جای تمرکز صرف بر جنبه‌های حقوقی و اقتصادی جنبه‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، فناورانه و اخلاقی را نیز در بر می­‌گیرد که به شناسایی عوامل پیچیده‌تری که بر حکمرانی و تنظیم‌گری تأثیر می‌گذارند کمک می‌کند.
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Factors and Components Affecting the Governance and Regulation of The Legal Services Market

نویسندگان [English]

  • amin aghaee roozbahani 1
  • jafar mahmudi 2
  • hedayatola soltaninejad 3

1 Faculty of technical and engineering, Emam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

2 industrial engineering department, Faculty of technical and engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.

3 private law department, Faculty of law, qom University, qom, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: In the field of governance and regulation of the legal services market, countless challenges and opportunities have emerged that require detailed and comprehensive investigation. The increase of new technologies, the changing needs of society, and the increasing diversity of legal services have put pressure on the traditional systems of governance and regulation of the legal services market. The purpose of this research is to identify, analyze, and comprehensively evaluate the key factors and components affecting the governance and regulation of the legal services market in order to provide suggestions for improving and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of these systems in response to contemporary challenges and upcoming opportunities. This research tries to provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of governance and regulation in this market and provide practical solutions to improve access to effective, transparent, and affordable legal services.
Design/ methodology/ approach: The method used in the present research is the meta-synthesis. In order to use the meta-synthesis method, various methods have been proposed. To achieve the goals of this research, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step method was used. After the preliminary studies of a library of 364 researches and the selection of 37 selected researches during the years 2000 to 2023, the factors and components affecting the governance and regulation of the legal services market were identified. After several rounds of reading and reviewing the coded data to refine and improve the set of themes, 269 characteristics were identified. In the next step, the codes obtained from the previous step were analyzed and combined in the form of concepts, and the identified codes were categorized and combined based on the degree of conceptual similarity. At this stage, the extracted codes were classified in the form of 26 concepts, and the concepts identified at a higher level in the form of 7 key components and factors.
Research Findings: The results obtained from the research show that the factors of laws and regulations, professional standards, quality of regulatory institutions, training and professional development, competition and market, technology and innovation, and ethical principles are the factors influencing the governance and regulation of the legal services market, which in researches have been analyzed from different perspectives to evaluate and improve the governance systems of the legal services market and the legal profession. According to the identified factors of integration and regulation of comprehensive laws and regulations in the field of legal services and the activities of regulatory and union functions of regulatory institutions to prevent conflicts by policymakers and passers-by, as well as the standard for determining the best professional practices. All professional and legal aspects, continuous training of legal market actors such as lawyers and consulting services, preventing monopolies and ensuring healthy competition, paying attention to innovations in the field of legal technologies, and providing and maintaining ethical standards by regulatory bodies will promote the efficiency and improvement of the governance and regulatory system in the legal services market.
Limitations & Consequences: Access to information, diversity of legal and regulatory systems, continuous changes in laws and regulations, and limitations related to the generalization of results to other environments and markets, especially considering the wide legal and cultural diversity, are among the limitations of the research.
Practical Consequences: This research can have important and diverse practical consequences that help to improve the performance and efficiency of the legal services market. These consequences include the following:

Developing more effective policies: The research results can help governments and regulatory bodies develop policies and regulations that respond more effectively to the challenges in the legal services market.
Increasing transparency: Identifying the influencing factors can help increase transparency in how regulatory bodies and service providers operate, which strengthens public trust.
Improving access to legal services: This research can play a role in identifying barriers to access to legal services and providing solutions to resolve these barriers.
Strengthening collaboration among stakeholders: Research can identify areas of common ground between government, service providers, consumers, and other stakeholders and help strengthen collaboration and coordination among them.
Increasing stability and flexibility: Identifying effective factors and components can help the legal services market to be flexible and stable against rapid social, economic, and technological changes.

In sum, research in this area can lead to the improvement of the overall performance of the legal services market, so that the interests of all stakeholders are provided in the best possible way.
Innovation or value of the Article: This research is innovative by adopting a multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary approach, and instead of focusing only on legal and economic aspects, it also includes social, cultural, technological, and ethical aspects, which helps to identify more complex factors that affect governance and regulation.
Paper Type: Original Paper
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Governance
  • Regulation
  • Legal Services Market
  • Meta-Synthesis
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چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی
دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 59
1403
صفحه 104-129